위험물기능사 필기(2018)

이 책은 수험생들이 최단시일 내에 합격의 영광을 누릴 수 있도록 새로운 출제기준에 맞추어 다음과 같은 내용에 중점을 두고 엮었다.



첫째, 각 단원마다 세부 출제기준에 맞추어 내용을 체계적으로 구성함으로써 단시일 내에 효과적으로 공부할 수 있도록 하였다.



둘째, 난해한 문제마다 핵심적인 요점 설명을 간결하고 명확하게 하여 줌으로써 수험자의 이해도를 최대한 높였다.



셋째, 과년도 출제문제를 부록에 수록하여 줌으로써 수험생들로 하여금 기술 문제를 충분히 숙지, 분석하여 실전에 대비토록 하였다.

Part 01 화재 예방 및 소화 방법



제 1 장 일반 화학



1. 원소 주기율표 ·····························12

1-1 원소의 주기율 ···················12

1-2 IUPAC(국제 순수 및 응용화학 연합) 원소 기호 명명법 ··13

1-3 화학 기호 ···························14

1-4 원자량, 분자량, 화학식량 ··15

1-5 유기화합물 명명법 ············20



2. 물질의 상태와 화학적 성질 ······22

2-1 물체와 물질 ························22

2-2 물질의 상태 ·······················24

2-3 열 ········································24



3. 원자ㆍ분자 및 이온 ···················32

3-1 원자와 그램원자 ················32

3-2 분자와 그램분자 ···············33

3-3 이온 ····································34

3-4 기체의 분자량 측정법 ······35

3-5 화학 반응식 ·······················36

3-6 열역학의 법칙 ···················37



4. 기체ㆍ액체ㆍ고체 ·······················43

4-1 기 체 ···································43

4-2 액 체 ··································44

4-3 고 체 ··································45



5. 용 액 ············································49

5-1 용액과 용해도 ····················49

5-2 용액의 농도 ·······················50



제 2 장 화재 및 소화



1. 연 소 ············································54

1-1 연소의 정의 ························54

1-2 연소의 3요소 ·····················54

1-3 고온체의 색깔과 온도 ·······56



2. 연소 및 위험도 ···························60

2-1 용어의 정의 ························60

2-2 연소 범위 ···························62

2-3 위험도 ································62



3. 위험물의 연소형태와 분류 ········66

3-1 연소의 분류 ························66

3-2 기체의 연소 ·······················66

3-3 액체의 연소 ·······················67

3-4 고체의 연소 ·······················68



4. 자연발화 ······································71

4-1 자연발화 ·····························71

4-2 자연발화 조건 ···················71

4-3 영향을 주는 여러 가지 요인··71

4-4 자연발화 방지법 ···············72

4-5 혼합발화 ····························72



5. 폭 발 ·············································75

5-1 폭 발 ···································75

5-2 폭 연 ··································75

5-3 폭 굉 ··································75

5-4 폭발의 성장 ·······················76

5-5 폭발의 원인 ·······················76

5-6 폭발의 종류 ·······················78



제 3 장 화재 예방 및 소화 방법



1. 소화 이론 ·····································83

1-1 소 화 ···································83

1-2 소화의 방법 ························83

1-3 소화 작용 ···························84

1-4 화재의 분류 및 특성 ·········86



2. 위험물의 화재 예방 및 소화 방법··89

2-1 제1류 위험물 ······················89

2-2 제2류 위험물 ·····················90

2-3 제3류 위험물 ·····················90

2-4 제4류 위험물 ·····················91

2-5 제5류 위험물 ·····················92

2-6 제6류 위험물 ·····················92





Part 02 소화약제 및 소화기



제 1 장 소화약제



1. 소화약제의 종류 ························100

1-1 물소화약제 ························100

1-2 산?알칼리 소화약제 ·······101

1-3 강화액 소화약제 ··············101

1-4 이산화탄소(CO2) 소화약제 ··102

1-5 할로겐 화합물 소화약제 ··102

1-6 포소화약제 ························103

1-7 분말소화약제 ····················105

1-8 청정소화약제 ····················105



제 2 장 소화기

1. 소화기의 종류 및 특성 ·············112

1-1 소화기의 종류 ···················112

1-2 포말 소화기 ······················112

1-3 분말 소화기(드라이케미컬) ··114

1-4 할로겐 화합물 소화기(증발성 액체를 방사하는 소화기) ·····117

1-5 탄산가스(CO2) 소화기 ····119

1-6 물 소화기 ··························121

1-7 강화액 소화기 ··················121

1-8 산ㆍ알칼리 소화기 ··········122

1-9 간이 소화제 ······················123



제 3 장 소화 일반

1. 화재의 종류 및 소화기 ·············132

1-1 화재의 종류 및 적응 소화기··132

1-2 소화기 사용 및 관리 ·······133

1-3 소화기의 능력단위 ···········135





Part 03 소방시설의 설치 및 운영



제 1 장 소화설비의 설치 및 운영



1. 소화설비의 설치 및 운영 ·········140

1-1 소방시설 ····························140

1-2 특정 소방 대상물 ·············142

1-3 옥내소화전설비 ················142

1-4 옥외소화전설비 ·················143

1-5 스프링클러설비 ··················145

1-6 물분무소화설비 ·················146

1-7 포소화설비 ························153

1-8 분말소화설비 ····················161

1-9 이산화탄소 소화설비 ·······166

1-10 할론겐 화합물 소화설비 ··172



2. 소화용수설비 ·····························177

2-1 소화용수설비 ····················177

2-2 상수도 소화용수설비 설치 기준 ·····································177

2-3 소화수조ㆍ저수조 그 밖의 소화용수설비 ······················177



3. 소화활동설비 ·····························178

3-1 소화활동설비 ····················178

3-2 제연설비 ···························178

3-3 연결송수관설비 ················180

3-4 연결살수설비 ···················182

3-5 비상콘센트설비 ················183

3-6 무선통신보조설비 ············185

3-7 연소방지설비 ····················186



제 2 장 경보설비의 설치 및 운영



1. 경보설비의 설치 및 운영 ·········191

1-1 경보설비 ····························191

1-2 자동화재탐지설비 ············191

1-3 소방관서에 통보하는 화재속보설비 ·······························199

1-4 비상경보기구 또는 비상경보설비 ······································199

1-5 누전경보기 ························200

1-6 소방신호 ···························200



제 3 장 피난설비의 설치 및 운영



1. 피난설비의 설치 및 운영 ·········205

1-1 피난설비 ····························205

1-2 피난기구의 설치 대상 및 적응성·············································206

1-3 유도등 및 유도표지 ·········207





Part 04 위험물의 종류 및 성질



제 1 장 제1류 위험물



1. 핵심 암기 사항 ··························214

1-1 아염소산염류 ····················216

1-2 염소산염류 ························216

1-3 과염소산염류 ····················218

1-4 무기과산화물 ····················220

1-5 브롬(취소)산염류 ·············223

1-6 질산염류 ···························224

1-7 요오드(옥소)산염류 ··········226

1-8 과망간산염류 ····················227

1-9 중크롬산염류 ····················228



제 2 장 제2류 위험물



1. 핵심 암기 사항 ··························238

1-1 황화인 ································239

1-2 적린 ···································240

1-3 유황, 황 ····························241

1-4 철분 ···································242

1-5 금속분 ·······························243

1-6 마그네슘 ···························246

1-7 인화성 고체 ······················247



제 3 장 제3류 위험물



1. 핵심 암기 사항 ··························254

1-1 칼륨, 칼리, 포타슘 ··········255

1-2 나트륨, 금속소다, 금조 ··256

1-3 알킬알루미늄 ····················257

1-4 알킬리튬 ···························258

1-5 황린, 인, 백린 ·················258

1-6 알칼리금속류 및 알칼리토 금속 ······································260

1-7 유기금속 화합물 ···············261

1-8 금속의 수소화물 ··············262

1-9 금속의 인화물 ··················263

1-10 칼슘 또는 알루미늄의 탄화물············································264



제 4 장 제4류 위험물



1. 핵심 암기 사항 ··························274

1-1 특수 인화물 ······················276

1-2 제1석유류 ··························279

1-3 알코올류 ···························287

1-4 제2석유류 ·························289

1-5 제3석유류 ·························294

1-6 제4석유류 ·························297

1-7 동식물유류 ························298

1-8 특수 가연물 ······················299



제 5 장 제5류 위험물



1. 핵심 암기 사항 ··························323

1-1 유기과산화물 ····················324

1-2 질산에스테르류 ················326

1-3 니트로화합물 ····················329

1-4 니트로소화합물 ················331

1-5 아조화합물 ························331

1-6 디아조화합물 ····················332

1-7 히드라진 유도체 ···············333

1-8 히드록실아민 ····················335

1-9 히드록실아민 염류 ···········335



제 6 장 제6류 위험물



1. 핵심 암기 사항 ··························344

1-1 과염소산 ····························345

1-2 과산화수소 ························346

1-3 질산 ···································347





Part 05 위험물 안전관리 및 기술 기준



제 1 장 위험물의 저장ㆍ취급ㆍ운반ㆍ운송 기준



1. 위험물의 저장ㆍ취급 기준 ·······356

1-1 위험물의 저장 및 취급 ····356

1-2 위험물의 취급 기준 ·········358

1-3 위험물의 저장ㆍ취급의 공통기준 ·····································358

1-4 관계인이 예방규정을 정하여야하는 제조소 등 ····················359

1-5 정기검사의 대상인 제조소 등················································359

1-6 위험물 안전관리자 ···········360

1-7 위험물시설의 설치 및 변경·············································360



2. 제조소 등에서의 위험물의 저장 및 취급에 관한 기준 ··················363

2-1 위험물 저장의 기준 ·······363

2-2 위험물 취급의 기준 ······365

2-3 위험물의 유별 저장ㆍ취급의 공통기준 ······························365



3. 위험물의 운반 기준 ··················368

3-1 운반용기 ···························368

3-2 적재방법 ·························368

3-3 운반용기 외부 표시 사항 ·369

3-4 운반용기 덮개 ················369

3-5 위험물의 위험등급 ··········370

3-6 운반용기의 최대용적 또는 중량 ·····································371

3-7 유별을 달리하는 위험물의 혼재 기준 ····························372



4. 위험물의 운송 기준 ··················376

4-1 위험물의 운송 ··················376

4-2 운송책임자의 감독 또는 지원 방법 ····························376

4-3 이동탱크저장소에 의한 위험물 운송 시 준수사항 ··377



제 2 장 제조소 등의 위치ㆍ구조ㆍ설비 기준



1. 제조소의 위치ㆍ구조ㆍ설비 기준··379

1-1 제조소의 안전거리(제6류 위험물 취급 제조소 제외) ·········379

1-2 제조소의 보유공지 ···········380

1-3 표지 및 게시판 ················381

1-4 위험물을 취급하는 건축물의 구조 ······································381

1-5 출입구 ·······························382

1-6 채광ㆍ조명 및 환기 설비 ··383

1-7 배출 설비 ··························383

1-8 정전기 제거설비 ··············384

1-9 피뢰설비 ···························384

1-10 위험물 취급 탱크 ··········384

1-11 위험물의 성질에 따른 제조소의 특례 ··················385



2. 옥내저장소의 위치ㆍ구조ㆍ설비 기준 ··············································388

2-1 옥내저장소의 안전거리 ···388

2-2 옥내저장소의 보유공지 ···388

2-3 저장창고 ···························389

2-4 위험물 저장의 기준 ········390

2-5 위험물 저장 높이 ············391

2-6 지정과산화물의 옥내저장소·············································391

3. 옥내탱크저장소의 위치ㆍ구조ㆍ설비 기준 ····································394

3-1 옥내탱크저장소의 기준 ···394

3-2 탱크전용실을 단층건물 외의 건축물에 설치하는 옥내탱크 저장소 ···························395



4. 옥외저장소의 위치ㆍ구조ㆍ설비 기준 ··············································397

4-1 옥외저장소 안전거리 ·······397

4-2 옥외저장소의 설치 장소 ··397

4-3 보유공지 ···························397

4-4 옥외저장소 선반 설치 기준·············································397

4-5 옥외저장소 저장 대상 위험물 ·································398

4-6 덩어리 상태의 유황을 저장 또는 취급하는 옥외저장소 ··398



5. 옥외탱크저장소의 위치ㆍ구조ㆍ설비 기준 ····································400

5-1 옥외탱크저장소 안전거리 400

5-2 보유공지 ···························400

5-3 옥외저장탱크의 외부 구조 및 설비 ································401

5-4 방유제 ·······························403

5-5 위험물의 성질에 따른 옥외 탱크저장소의 특례 ············404



6. 이동탱크저장소의 위치ㆍ구조ㆍ설비 기준 ···································408

6-1 이동탱크저장소의 상치 장소·············································408

6-2 이동저장탱크의 구조 ····408

6-3 이동탱크저장소의 주입설비·············································410

6-4 컨테이너식 이동탱크저장소·············································410

6-5 주유탱크차 ·······················410

6-6 알킬알루미늄 등의 이동탱크 저장소 ·································411



7. 지하탱크저장소의 위치ㆍ구조ㆍ설비 기준 ·····································414

7-1 지하탱크저장소의 설치 기준·············································414

7-2 탱크실의 누유검사관 ·······415

7-3 지하저장탱크의 과충전 방지장치 설치 기준 ····················415



8. 간이탱크저장소의 위치ㆍ구조ㆍ설비 기준 ·····································417

8-1 간이탱크저장소 ·············· 417

8-2 간이저장탱크의 구조 ······417

8-3 간이탱크의 설치 기준 ····417

8-4 밸브 없는 통기관 ············417

8-5 대기밸브부착 통기관 ······418



9. 암반탱크저장소의 위치ㆍ구조ㆍ설비 기준 ·····································420

9-1 암반탱크저장소 ················420

9-2 암반탱크 설치 기준 ········420

9-3 암반탱크저장소 설치 시설 ·420



10. 저장탱크의 용량 계산 및 변형시험 ············································422

10-1 저장탱크의 용량 ············422

10-2 저장탱크의 공간용적 ·····423

10-3 저장탱크의 변형시험 ····423

10-4 저장탱크의 안전장치 ····424



11. 주유취급소의 위치ㆍ구조ㆍ설비기준 ··············································426

11-1 주유취급소 ······················426

11-2 주유공지 및 급유공지 ···426

11-3 주유취급소의 탱크 ·········426

11-4 주유취급소의 표지 및 게시판 ·································427

11-5 고정주유설비 등 ············427

11-6 고정주유설비의 펌프기기의 최대 토출량 ························428

11-7 셀프 주유취급소 ·············428

11-8 주유취급소의 건축물 등의 구조 ·····································429



12. 판매취급소의 위치ㆍ구조ㆍ설비기준 ··············································432

12-1 1종 판매취급소 ··············432

12-2 2종 판매취급소 ·············432



13. 이송취급소 ······························435

13-1 이송취급소 설치 금지장소 ·····································435

13-2 이송취급소 설치 장소 ··435

13-3 이송취급소 경보설비 ····435



14. 일반취급소 ······························438

14-1 일반취급소의 기준 ·········438



15. 위험물 제조소 등의 표지 및 게시판 ········································442

15-1 제조소 등의 표지판 및 게시판 ·································442

15-2 취급하는 위험물의 종류에 따른 주의사항 게시판 ·····443

15-3 이동탱크저장소의 표지 및 게시판 ·······························444

15-4 주유 중 엔진정지 게시판 ·445



제 3 장 소화설비, 경보설비 및 피난설비의 기준



1. 소화설비 ·····································448

1-1 소화설비 ··························448

1-2 소화설비의 설치기준 ·······451



2. 경보설비 ····································452

2-1 경보설비 ···························452



3. 피난설비 ····································453

3-1 피난설비 ···························453





부 록 : 과년도 출제문제

2013년도 시행 문제 ··············································458

2014년도 시행 문제 ··············································503

2015년도 시행 문제 ··············································544

2016년도 시행 문제 ··············································587

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