컴퓨터응용가공산업기사 문제해설(2020)
출제기준에 따른 간결한 내용 정리 / 최근 시행된 과년도 출제문제 수록
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이 책은 컴퓨터응용가공산업기사 필기시험을 준비하는 수험생들에게 도움을 주기 위하여 광범위한 내용을 체계적이고 간결하게 구성함으로써 최소의 시간으로 최대의 효과를 거둘 수 있도록 하였다.
특히 출제 빈도가 높은 기출 문제를 수록하여 자격증 취득을 준비하는 수험생들에게 합격의 기쁨을 안겨주고자 다음과 같은 특징으로 구성하였다.
첫째, 컴퓨터응용가공산업기사 출제 기준에 따라 주요 내용을 체계적이고 간결하게 요약하고 정리하였다.
둘째, 자주 출제되는 문제를 본문에 함께 수록함으로써 핵심 이론 + 핵심 문제로 효율적인 학습이 이루어질 수 있도록 하였다.
셋째, 단원마다 관련된 표와 그림을 풍부하게 수록하여 내용을 쉽게 이해할 수 있도록 하였다.
넷째, 최근 시행된 과년도 출제 문제를 수록함으로써 출제 경향을 파악하고 스스로 학습 수준을 점검할 수 있도록 하였다.
특히 출제 빈도가 높은 기출 문제를 수록하여 자격증 취득을 준비하는 수험생들에게 합격의 기쁨을 안겨주고자 다음과 같은 특징으로 구성하였다.
첫째, 컴퓨터응용가공산업기사 출제 기준에 따라 주요 내용을 체계적이고 간결하게 요약하고 정리하였다.
둘째, 자주 출제되는 문제를 본문에 함께 수록함으로써 핵심 이론 + 핵심 문제로 효율적인 학습이 이루어질 수 있도록 하였다.
셋째, 단원마다 관련된 표와 그림을 풍부하게 수록하여 내용을 쉽게 이해할 수 있도록 하였다.
넷째, 최근 시행된 과년도 출제 문제를 수록함으로써 출제 경향을 파악하고 스스로 학습 수준을 점검할 수 있도록 하였다.
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제1편 기계 가공법 및 안전관리
제1장 기계 가공
1. 공작 기계 및 절삭제
1-1 기계공작 일반·················· 12
1-2 공작 기계의 종류 및 용도· ········ 14
1-3 절삭 저항······················ 16
1-4 절삭 공구와 공구 재료············ 19
1-5 절삭유 및 윤활제················ 29
2. 기계 가공
2-1 선반 가공······················ 32
2-2 밀링 가공······················ 47
2-3 연삭 가공······················ 64
2-4 드릴링 가공···················· 79
2-5 보링 가공······················ 85
2-6 브로칭 가공···················· 87
2-7 기어 가공······················ 89
2-8 정밀 입자 가공················· 93
2-9 특수 가공······················ 96
제2장 측정, 손다듬질 가공 및 안전관리
1. 측정 및 손다듬질 가공
1-1 측정의 기초··················· 100
1-2 길이 측정····················· 101
1-3 각도 측정····················· 110
1-4 테이퍼 측정··················· 112
1-5 형상, 위치 측정················ 113
1-6 윤곽 측정····················· 114
1-7 표면 거칠기 측정··············· 115
2. 기계 안전 작업
2-1 공작 기계의 안전 수칙··········· 116
2-2 선반 작업의 안전 수칙··········· 117
2-3 밀링 작업의 안전 수칙··········· 118
2-4 연삭 작업의 안전 수칙··········· 119
2-5 드릴링 작업의 안전 수칙········· 120
2-6 전기 용접의 안전 수칙··········· 121
2-7 수공구 안전 수칙··············· 121
제2편 기계 재료
제1장 기계 재료의 성질 및 분류
1. 기계 재료의 일반적 성질
1-1 금속의 성질··················· 126
1-2 금속의 결정과 합금 조직········· 129
1-3 금속의 가공··················· 132
제2장 철강 재료의 기본 특성과 용도
1. 탄소강과 주철
1-1 철과 강· ····················· 134
1-2 철강 재료의 분류··············· 136
1-3 탄소강······················· 138
1-4 주철························· 144
2. 합금강
2-1 합금강의 개요················· 147
2-2 구조용 합금강················· 150
2-3 공구용 합금강················· 151
2-4 특수 용도 합금강··············· 154
제3장 비철금속 재료의 기본 특성과 용도
1. 비철금속 재료
1-1 알루미늄과 그 합금············· 156
1-2 구리와 그 합금················ 160
2. 기타 비철금속과 그 합금
2-1 베어링 합금··················· 165
2-2 기타 합금····················· 166
제4장 열처리와 신소재
1 열처리
1-1 일반 열처리··················· 168
1-2 항온 열처리··················· 173
1-3 표면 경화법··················· 175
2. 신소재
제3편 기계 설계
제1장 재료의 강도 및 변형
1. 기계요소 설계의 기초
1-1 하중························· 184
1-2 응력························· 185
1-3 변형률······················· 186
1-4 허용 응력과 안전율············· 188
제2장 체결용 기계요소
1. 나사, 볼트, 너트
1-1 나사························· 190
1-2 볼트························· 194
2. 키, 핀, 코터
2-1 키·························· 197
2-2 핀·························· 202
2-3 코터························· 203
3. 리벳, 용접
3-1 리벳························· 204
3-2 용접························· 209
제3장 동력 전달용 기계요소
1. 축, 축이음, 베어링
1-1 축·························· 212
1-2 축이음······················· 218
1-3 베어링과 저널················· 219
2. 기어, 벨트, 로프, 체인
2-1 전동용 기계요소··············· 225
2-2 마찰차······················· 226
2-3 기어 전동 장치················ 229
2-4 벨트 전동 장치················ 235
2-5 로프 전동 장치················ 239
2-6 체인 전동 장치················ 240
제4장 완충 및 제동용 기계요소
1. 스프링, 브레이크, 캠
1-1 스프링······················· 242
1-2 브레이크····················· 247
1-3 캠·························· 250
제4편 컴퓨터 응용 가공
제1장 CAD/CAM 시스템
1. CAD/CAM 시스템의 개요
1-1 CAD/CAM/CAE··············· 252
1-2 NC의 발달과정에 따른 시스템····· 254
2. CAD/CAM 시스템의 구성
2-1 컴퓨터의 기능과 구성· ·········· 257
2-2 하드웨어 구성 요소············· 257
2-3 소프트웨어 구성 요소· ·········· 263
3. CAD 데이터 표준
3-1 CAD/CAM 인터페이스· ········· 266
3-2 컴퓨터의 데이터 통신· ·········· 271
제2장 컴퓨터 그래픽 기초
1. 기하학적 도형의 정의와 처리
1-1 도형의 정의와 변환············· 272
2. CAD 모델링을 위한 좌표 변환
2-1 도형의 좌표 변환··············· 275
2-2 벡터························· 285
3. CAD 모델링을 위한 기초수학 및 디스플레이
3-1 모델링의 그래픽 기법· ·········· 289
3-2 렌더링 기법··················· 289
제3장 형상 모델링
1. CAD 모델의 종류 및 모델링 방법
1-1 3차원 모델링의 기법············ 290
2. 곡선 표현
2-1 도형의 정의··················· 302
2-2 자유 곡선의 정의··············· 305
3. 곡면 표현
3-1 곡면의 작성··················· 316
3-2 용도에 따른 곡면··············· 319
제4장 CAM 가공
1. CAM 가공 일반
1-1 CAM 시스템을 이용한 가공······· 320
1-2 2D, 3D 모델링 및 NC 데이터 생성 과정····················· 321
제5편 기계 제도
제1장 기계 제도 일반
1. 제도의 기본
1-1 제도 통칙····················· 332
1-2 도면의 크기와 양식············· 333
1-3 도면의 척도··················· 336
1-4 제도의 선····················· 337
2. 투상법
2-1 정투상법· ···················· 340
2-2 투상도의 표시 방법············· 342
3. 단면도
3-1 전 단면도····················· 347
3-2 한쪽 단면도··················· 348
3-3 부분 단면도··················· 348
3-4 회전 도시 단면도··············· 348
3-5 길이 방향으로 절단하지 않는 제품·349
4. 치수
4-1 치수 기입····················· 351
4-2 치수 기입의 방법··············· 352
4-3 재료 표시법··················· 359
5. 표면 거칠기와 표면의 결
5-1 표면 거칠기··················· 363
5-2 표면 프로파일 파라미터·········· 364
5-3 표면의 결 지시 방법············ 366
6. 치수 공차와 끼워맞춤 공차
6-1 치수 공차····················· 372
6-2 기본 공차····················· 376
6-3 끼워맞춤 공차················· 377
6-4 상용하는 끼워맞춤·············· 378
6-5 끼워맞춤 상태에 따른 분류······· 380
6-6 공차 표시 방법················ 380
7. 기하 공차
7-1 기하 공차의 필요성············· 382
7-2 데이텀 도시 방법··············· 384
8. 최대 실체 공차 방식
8-1 최대 실체 공차 방식의 의미······· 388
8-2 최대 실체 치수와 최소 실체 치수·· 388
9. 스케치도 작성법
9-1 스케치의 필요성과 원칙·········· 390
9-2 스케치 방법··················· 390
9-3 스케치의 작성 순서············· 391
제2장 기계요소의 제도
1. 결합용 기계요소
1-1 나사의 제도··················· 392
1-2 핀의 제도····················· 396
1-3 리벳의 제도··················· 397
2. 축에 관한 요소
2-1 축의 제도····················· 399
2-2 베어링의 제도················· 400
3. 운동용 기계요소
3-1 스퍼 기어의 제도··············· 403
3-2 베벨 기어의 제도··············· 404
3-3 웜 기어의 제도················ 405
제6편 CNC 공작법
제1장 CNC의 개요
1. CNC 공작 기계
1-1 CNC 공작 기계의 개요·········· 408
1-2 NC의 발전 과정················ 408
2. CNC 공작 기계의 구조
제2장 CNC 공작 기계의 제어 방식
1. CNC 시스템의 구성
2. NC 제어 방식
2-1 NC 제어 방식················· 412
2-2 NC 펄스 분배 방식············· 412
3. 서보 기구
3-1 서보 기구 방식················ 414
제3장 CNC 공작 기계 가공
1. CNC 선반 프로그래밍과 가공
1-1 프로그램의 용어··············· 416
1-2 프로그램의 기초··············· 419
1-3 홀더 및 인서트 형번 표기법······· 431
1-4 좌푯값 지령 방법··············· 433
1-5 프로그램 원점과 좌표계 설정····· 434
1-6 프로그래밍 구성 ··············· 436
2. 머시닝 센터 프로그래밍과 가공
2-1 좌표 지령····················· 444
2-2 원호 가공····················· 445
2-3 나사 절삭····················· 447
2-4 원점 복귀····················· 448
2-5 좌표계 설정··················· 449
2-6 공구 교환····················· 451
2-7 공구 보정····················· 451
2-8 고정 사이클··················· 454
2-9 절삭 조건····················· 457
3. 기타 CNC 공작 기계
3-1 CNC 방전 가공기·············· 459
3-2 방전 가공 기술················ 460
3-3 공작물의 예비 가공 및 고정······· 461
3-4 CNC 와이어 컷 방전 가공기······ 463
3-5 세컨드 컷 가공················ 465
제4장 작업 안전
1. CNC 공작 기계의 작업 안전
1-1 CNC 공작 기계 작업 시 주의 사항·466
부록 - 과년도 출제 문제
2013년 시행 문제···································································470
2014년 시행 문제···································································511
2015년 시행 문제···································································549
2016년 시행 문제···································································589
2017년 시행 문제···································································627
2018년 시행 문제···································································666
2019년 시행 문제···································································709
제1장 기계 가공
1. 공작 기계 및 절삭제
1-1 기계공작 일반·················· 12
1-2 공작 기계의 종류 및 용도· ········ 14
1-3 절삭 저항······················ 16
1-4 절삭 공구와 공구 재료············ 19
1-5 절삭유 및 윤활제················ 29
2. 기계 가공
2-1 선반 가공······················ 32
2-2 밀링 가공······················ 47
2-3 연삭 가공······················ 64
2-4 드릴링 가공···················· 79
2-5 보링 가공······················ 85
2-6 브로칭 가공···················· 87
2-7 기어 가공······················ 89
2-8 정밀 입자 가공················· 93
2-9 특수 가공······················ 96
제2장 측정, 손다듬질 가공 및 안전관리
1. 측정 및 손다듬질 가공
1-1 측정의 기초··················· 100
1-2 길이 측정····················· 101
1-3 각도 측정····················· 110
1-4 테이퍼 측정··················· 112
1-5 형상, 위치 측정················ 113
1-6 윤곽 측정····················· 114
1-7 표면 거칠기 측정··············· 115
2. 기계 안전 작업
2-1 공작 기계의 안전 수칙··········· 116
2-2 선반 작업의 안전 수칙··········· 117
2-3 밀링 작업의 안전 수칙··········· 118
2-4 연삭 작업의 안전 수칙··········· 119
2-5 드릴링 작업의 안전 수칙········· 120
2-6 전기 용접의 안전 수칙··········· 121
2-7 수공구 안전 수칙··············· 121
제2편 기계 재료
제1장 기계 재료의 성질 및 분류
1. 기계 재료의 일반적 성질
1-1 금속의 성질··················· 126
1-2 금속의 결정과 합금 조직········· 129
1-3 금속의 가공··················· 132
제2장 철강 재료의 기본 특성과 용도
1. 탄소강과 주철
1-1 철과 강· ····················· 134
1-2 철강 재료의 분류··············· 136
1-3 탄소강······················· 138
1-4 주철························· 144
2. 합금강
2-1 합금강의 개요················· 147
2-2 구조용 합금강················· 150
2-3 공구용 합금강················· 151
2-4 특수 용도 합금강··············· 154
제3장 비철금속 재료의 기본 특성과 용도
1. 비철금속 재료
1-1 알루미늄과 그 합금············· 156
1-2 구리와 그 합금················ 160
2. 기타 비철금속과 그 합금
2-1 베어링 합금··················· 165
2-2 기타 합금····················· 166
제4장 열처리와 신소재
1 열처리
1-1 일반 열처리··················· 168
1-2 항온 열처리··················· 173
1-3 표면 경화법··················· 175
2. 신소재
제3편 기계 설계
제1장 재료의 강도 및 변형
1. 기계요소 설계의 기초
1-1 하중························· 184
1-2 응력························· 185
1-3 변형률······················· 186
1-4 허용 응력과 안전율············· 188
제2장 체결용 기계요소
1. 나사, 볼트, 너트
1-1 나사························· 190
1-2 볼트························· 194
2. 키, 핀, 코터
2-1 키·························· 197
2-2 핀·························· 202
2-3 코터························· 203
3. 리벳, 용접
3-1 리벳························· 204
3-2 용접························· 209
제3장 동력 전달용 기계요소
1. 축, 축이음, 베어링
1-1 축·························· 212
1-2 축이음······················· 218
1-3 베어링과 저널················· 219
2. 기어, 벨트, 로프, 체인
2-1 전동용 기계요소··············· 225
2-2 마찰차······················· 226
2-3 기어 전동 장치················ 229
2-4 벨트 전동 장치················ 235
2-5 로프 전동 장치················ 239
2-6 체인 전동 장치················ 240
제4장 완충 및 제동용 기계요소
1. 스프링, 브레이크, 캠
1-1 스프링······················· 242
1-2 브레이크····················· 247
1-3 캠·························· 250
제4편 컴퓨터 응용 가공
제1장 CAD/CAM 시스템
1. CAD/CAM 시스템의 개요
1-1 CAD/CAM/CAE··············· 252
1-2 NC의 발달과정에 따른 시스템····· 254
2. CAD/CAM 시스템의 구성
2-1 컴퓨터의 기능과 구성· ·········· 257
2-2 하드웨어 구성 요소············· 257
2-3 소프트웨어 구성 요소· ·········· 263
3. CAD 데이터 표준
3-1 CAD/CAM 인터페이스· ········· 266
3-2 컴퓨터의 데이터 통신· ·········· 271
제2장 컴퓨터 그래픽 기초
1. 기하학적 도형의 정의와 처리
1-1 도형의 정의와 변환············· 272
2. CAD 모델링을 위한 좌표 변환
2-1 도형의 좌표 변환··············· 275
2-2 벡터························· 285
3. CAD 모델링을 위한 기초수학 및 디스플레이
3-1 모델링의 그래픽 기법· ·········· 289
3-2 렌더링 기법··················· 289
제3장 형상 모델링
1. CAD 모델의 종류 및 모델링 방법
1-1 3차원 모델링의 기법············ 290
2. 곡선 표현
2-1 도형의 정의··················· 302
2-2 자유 곡선의 정의··············· 305
3. 곡면 표현
3-1 곡면의 작성··················· 316
3-2 용도에 따른 곡면··············· 319
제4장 CAM 가공
1. CAM 가공 일반
1-1 CAM 시스템을 이용한 가공······· 320
1-2 2D, 3D 모델링 및 NC 데이터 생성 과정····················· 321
제5편 기계 제도
제1장 기계 제도 일반
1. 제도의 기본
1-1 제도 통칙····················· 332
1-2 도면의 크기와 양식············· 333
1-3 도면의 척도··················· 336
1-4 제도의 선····················· 337
2. 투상법
2-1 정투상법· ···················· 340
2-2 투상도의 표시 방법············· 342
3. 단면도
3-1 전 단면도····················· 347
3-2 한쪽 단면도··················· 348
3-3 부분 단면도··················· 348
3-4 회전 도시 단면도··············· 348
3-5 길이 방향으로 절단하지 않는 제품·349
4. 치수
4-1 치수 기입····················· 351
4-2 치수 기입의 방법··············· 352
4-3 재료 표시법··················· 359
5. 표면 거칠기와 표면의 결
5-1 표면 거칠기··················· 363
5-2 표면 프로파일 파라미터·········· 364
5-3 표면의 결 지시 방법············ 366
6. 치수 공차와 끼워맞춤 공차
6-1 치수 공차····················· 372
6-2 기본 공차····················· 376
6-3 끼워맞춤 공차················· 377
6-4 상용하는 끼워맞춤·············· 378
6-5 끼워맞춤 상태에 따른 분류······· 380
6-6 공차 표시 방법················ 380
7. 기하 공차
7-1 기하 공차의 필요성············· 382
7-2 데이텀 도시 방법··············· 384
8. 최대 실체 공차 방식
8-1 최대 실체 공차 방식의 의미······· 388
8-2 최대 실체 치수와 최소 실체 치수·· 388
9. 스케치도 작성법
9-1 스케치의 필요성과 원칙·········· 390
9-2 스케치 방법··················· 390
9-3 스케치의 작성 순서············· 391
제2장 기계요소의 제도
1. 결합용 기계요소
1-1 나사의 제도··················· 392
1-2 핀의 제도····················· 396
1-3 리벳의 제도··················· 397
2. 축에 관한 요소
2-1 축의 제도····················· 399
2-2 베어링의 제도················· 400
3. 운동용 기계요소
3-1 스퍼 기어의 제도··············· 403
3-2 베벨 기어의 제도··············· 404
3-3 웜 기어의 제도················ 405
제6편 CNC 공작법
제1장 CNC의 개요
1. CNC 공작 기계
1-1 CNC 공작 기계의 개요·········· 408
1-2 NC의 발전 과정················ 408
2. CNC 공작 기계의 구조
제2장 CNC 공작 기계의 제어 방식
1. CNC 시스템의 구성
2. NC 제어 방식
2-1 NC 제어 방식················· 412
2-2 NC 펄스 분배 방식············· 412
3. 서보 기구
3-1 서보 기구 방식················ 414
제3장 CNC 공작 기계 가공
1. CNC 선반 프로그래밍과 가공
1-1 프로그램의 용어··············· 416
1-2 프로그램의 기초··············· 419
1-3 홀더 및 인서트 형번 표기법······· 431
1-4 좌푯값 지령 방법··············· 433
1-5 프로그램 원점과 좌표계 설정····· 434
1-6 프로그래밍 구성 ··············· 436
2. 머시닝 센터 프로그래밍과 가공
2-1 좌표 지령····················· 444
2-2 원호 가공····················· 445
2-3 나사 절삭····················· 447
2-4 원점 복귀····················· 448
2-5 좌표계 설정··················· 449
2-6 공구 교환····················· 451
2-7 공구 보정····················· 451
2-8 고정 사이클··················· 454
2-9 절삭 조건····················· 457
3. 기타 CNC 공작 기계
3-1 CNC 방전 가공기·············· 459
3-2 방전 가공 기술················ 460
3-3 공작물의 예비 가공 및 고정······· 461
3-4 CNC 와이어 컷 방전 가공기······ 463
3-5 세컨드 컷 가공················ 465
제4장 작업 안전
1. CNC 공작 기계의 작업 안전
1-1 CNC 공작 기계 작업 시 주의 사항·466
부록 - 과년도 출제 문제
2013년 시행 문제···································································470
2014년 시행 문제···································································511
2015년 시행 문제···································································549
2016년 시행 문제···································································589
2017년 시행 문제···································································627
2018년 시행 문제···································································666
2019년 시행 문제···································································709
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