수질환경기사 필기(2019)(Best)

PART 1 수질오염 개론

제 1 장 물의 특성 및 오염원

1-1 물의 물리적 성질 ·························· 14

1-2 물의 생물 및 화학적 특성 ············ 16

1-3 수질오염원의 종류 ························· 16

*예상문제 ··············································· 19

제 2 장 수자원의 특성

2-1 물의 부존량과 순환 ······················· 22

2-2 수자원의 종류 ································ 24

*예상문제 ··············································· 28

제 3 장 수질화학

3-1 미량 성분의 농도 ·························· 30

3-2 화학 농도 ······································· 30

3-3 용액과 용해도 ································ 32

3-4 pH ·················································· 33

3-5 화학 반응 ······································· 34

*예상문제 ··············································· 38

제 4 장 수질오염의 지표

4-1 용존산소 ········································· 43

4-2 생물화학적 산소요구량 ·················· 44

4-3 화학적 산소요구량 ························· 45

4-4 SS ·················································· 46

4-5 탁도 ················································ 46

4-6 경도 ················································ 47

4-7 알칼리도 ········································· 48

4-8 산도 ················································ 50

4-9 기타 오염 지표 ······························ 50

*예상문제 ··············································· 52

제 5 장 수질오염과 생태계

5-1 생태계 ············································ 60

5-2 수질오염과 미생물 ························· 61

5-3 독성물질에 대한 생물분석 ············ 69

5-4 수인성 전염병 ································ 70

*예상문제 ··············································· 71

제 6 장 수자원 관리

6-1 하천의 수질오염 관리 ··················· 76

6-2 호수의 수질오염 관리 ··················· 82

6-3 해수의 수질오염 관리 ··················· 85

6-4 토양오염 관리 ································ 88

*예상문제 ··············································· 89

제 7 장 분뇨와 콜로이드성 입자

7-1 분뇨의 특성 및 처리방법 ·············· 96

7-2 콜로이드성 입자 ···························· 97

7-3 기타 공식 ····································· 100

7-4 기체의 법칙 ································· 101

*예상문제 ············································· 102



PART 2 상·하수도 계획

제 1 장 상·하수도의 기본계획

1-1 개요 ·············································· 106

1-2 상수도와 하수도의 계통 ·············· 107

1-3 상·하수도 계획 수립 ················· 108

1-4 인구추정 ······································· 110

1-5 급수량 ·········································· 111

1-6 하수량 ·········································· 113

1-7 우수량 ·········································· 114

*예상문제 ············································· 116

제 2 장 수원 및 취수 설비

2-1 개요 ··············································· 119

2-2 수원의 종류 ··································· 119

2-3 취수시설 ········································ 120

*예상문제 ············································· 128

제 3 장 도수와 송수시설

3-1 도수 및 송수 방식 ······················ 132

3-2 도수 및 송수관로의 결정 ············ 133

3-3 수로의 수리 ································· 133

3-4 관로의 부대시설 ·························· 136

3-5 관 부식의 종류 ···························· 137

*예상문제 ············································· 138

제 4 장 정수시설

4-1 총설 ·············································· 141

4-2 착수정 ·········································· 141

4-3 응집용 약품 주입 설비 ················ 142

4-4 응집지 ·········································· 142

4-5 침전지 ·········································· 143

4-6 급속 여과지 ································· 145

4-7 완속 여과지 ································· 146

4-8 정수지 ·········································· 148

4-9 소독 설비 ····································· 149

4-10 전염소, 중간 염소 처리 ············ 149

4-11 분말 활성탄 흡착 설비 ············· 150

4-12 입상 활성탄 흡착 설비 ············· 151

4-13 오존 처리 설비 ·························· 151

4-14 생물 처리 설비 ·························· 152

4-15 해수의 담수화 시설 ··················· 152

*예상문제 ············································· 154

제 5 장 배수시설

5-1 총설 ·············································· 159

5-2 배수지 ·········································· 160

5-3 배수탑과 고가수조 ······················· 161

5-4 배수관 ·········································· 162

*예상문제 ············································· 165

제 6 장 급수시설

6-1 계획 급수량 ································· 167

6-2 급수 방식 ····································· 167

6-3 설계 수량 ····································· 168

6-4 급수관 ·········································· 168

6-5 교차 연결 ····································· 169

*예상문제 ············································· 170

제 7 장 하수도시설 계획

7-1 하수관거 계획 ······························ 171

7-2 하수의 배제 방식 ························ 172

7-3 우수 배제 계획 ···························· 173

7-4 오수 처리·이용 계획 ················· 174

7-5 소규모 하수도의 기본 계획 ········· 175

7-6 관거시설 ······································· 175

7-7 관거의 종류와 단면 ····················· 176

7-8 관거의 접합과 연결 ····················· 179

7-9 역사이펀 ······································· 180

7-10 맨홀 ··········································· 181

7-11 물받이 및 연결관 ······················ 182

*예상문제 ············································· 184

제 8 장 하수 처리장 시설

8-1 하수 처리 시설 ···························· 190

8-2 슬러지 처리 시설 ························ 194

*예상문제 ············································· 198

제 9 장 펌프장 시설

9-1 상·하수도 펌프장 계획 ·············· 201

9-2 펌프의 종류 ································· 201

9-3 펌프의 계산 ································· 204

9-4 펌프의 특성 ································· 205

9-5 펌프의 운전 장애 ························ 206

9-6 펌프의 설치와 부속 설비 ············ 209

9-7 하수 펌프장 시설 ························ 209

*예상문제 ············································· 211







PART 3 수질오염 방지기술

제 1 장 폐수의 물리적 처리

1-1 스크린 ·········································· 216

1-2 침사지 ·········································· 217

1-3 침전 ·············································· 218

1-4 부상 ·············································· 223

1-5 여과 ·············································· 225

1-6 흡착 ·············································· 227

*예상문제 ············································· 230

제 2 장 폐수의 화학적 처리

2-1 중화 처리 ····································· 235

2-2 산화와 환원 반응조 ····················· 236

2-3 화학적 응집 ································· 237

2-4 이온교환 ······································· 241

2-5 소독 ·············································· 242

*예상문제 ············································· 247

제 3 장 폐수의 생물학적 처리

3-1 개요 ·············································· 252

3-2 활성슬러지법 ································ 252

3-3 살수여상법 ··································· 263

3-4 회전원판법 ··································· 265

3-5 접촉 산화법 ································· 266

3-6 산화지법 ······································· 268

3-7 혐기성의 처리 ······························ 269

3-8 UASB법 ······································· 269

3-9 혐기성 고정 생물막 공법 ············ 270

3-10 혐기성 유동 생물막 공법 ·········· 270

*예상문제 ············································· 271

제 4 장 폐수의 고도 처리

4-1 개요 ·············································· 285

4-2 물리적·화학적 방법에 의한

고도 처리 ····································· 285

4-3 생물화학적 방법에 의한

고도 처리 ····································· 288

4-4 질소·인 제거 프로세스 ·············· 289

4-5 막 분리 공법 ······························· 294

4-6 펜톤 산화법 ································· 297

*예상문제 ············································· 298

제 5 장 유해물질 처리

5-1 유해물질 처리 방법 ····················· 308

*예상문제 ············································· 311

제 6 장 슬러지 처리

6-1 개요 ·············································· 314

6-2 슬러지 농축 ································· 315

6-3 슬러지 안정화 ······························ 316

6-4 슬러지의 개량, 탈수 ··················· 320

*예상문제 ············································· 322



PART 4 수질오염 공정시험기준

제 1 장 총칙, QA/QC, 일반시험기준

*총 칙 ·························· 330

1-1 총칙 ·············································· 330

*QA/QC ························ 333

1-2 정도보증/정도관리 ······················· 333

*예상문제 ············································· 335

*일반시험기준 ···················· 338

1-3 시료의 채취 및 보존방법 ············ 338

1-4 공장폐수 및 하수유량－관 내의

유량측정방법 ································ 344

1-5 공장폐수 및 하수유량－측정용 수로

및 기타 유량측정방법 ················· 348

1-6 하천유량 측정방법 ······················· 352

1-7 시료의 전처리 방법 ····················· 352

1-8 퇴적물 채취 및 분석용 시료 조제 354

*예상문제 ············································· 355

제 2 장 일반항목 및 이온류

*일반항목 ······················· 362

2-1 냄새 ·············································· 362

2-2 노말헥산 추출물질 ······················· 363

2-3 부유물질 ······································· 364

2-4 색도 ·············································· 366

*예상문제 ············································· 367

2-5 생물화학적 산소요구량(BOD) ····· 370

*예상문제 ············································· 372

2-6 수소이온 농도 ······························ 374

2-7 온도 ·············································· 375

2-8 용존산소 ······································· 376

2-9 잔류염소 ······································· 378

*예상문제 ············································· 379

2-10 전기전도도 ································· 381

2-11 총 유기탄소 ······························· 381

2-12 클로로필 a ································· 382

2-13 탁도 ··········································· 383

2-14 투명도 ········································ 384

*예상문제 ············································· 386

2-15 화학적 산소요구량 ····················· 387

*예상문제 ············································· 391

*이온류 ························· 393

2-16 음이온류 ···································· 393

*예상문제 ············································· 397

2-17 불소 ··········································· 398

2-18 브롬이온 ···································· 399

2-19 시안 ··········································· 400

2-20 아질산성 질소 ···························· 401

2-21 암모니아성 질소 ························ 402

*예상문제 ············································· 405

2-23 용존 총인 ··································· 408

2-24 용존 총질소 ······························· 408

2-25 음이온 계면활성제 ····················· 409

2-26 인산염인 ···································· 410

2-27 질산성 질소 ······························· 412

2-28 총인 ··········································· 413

2-29 총질소 ········································ 414

2-30 퍼클로레이트 ····························· 416

2-31 페놀류 ········································ 417

2-32 황산이온 ···································· 418

*예상문제 ············································· 419

제 3 장 중금속

3-1 금속류 ·········································· 421

*예상문제 ············································· 429

3-2 구리 ·············································· 430

3-3 납 ················································· 431

3-4 니켈 ·············································· 433

3-5 망간 ·············································· 433

3-6 바륨 ·············································· 435

3-7 비소 ·············································· 435

3-8 셀레늄 ·········································· 437

3-9 수은 ·············································· 438

3-10 아연 ··········································· 440

*예상문제 ············································· 442

3-11 안티몬 ········································ 445

3-12 주석 ··········································· 445

3-13 철 ··············································· 445

3-14 카드뮴 ········································ 446

3-15 크롬 ··········································· 448

3-16 6가 크롬 ···································· 449

3-17 알킬수은 ···································· 450

*예상문제 ············································· 452

제 4 장 유기물질 및 휘발성 유기 화합물

*유기물질 및 휘발성 유기 화합물 ····· 454

4-1 디에틸헥실프탈레이트 ·················· 454

4-2 석유계총탄화수소 ························· 454

4-3 유기인 ·········································· 455

4-4 폴리클로리네이티드비페닐 ··········· 456

*휘발성 유기 화합물 ··············· 457

4-5 1,4－다이옥산 ····························· 457

4-6 염화비닐, 아크릴로니트릴,

브로모포름 ··································· 458

4-7 휘발성 유기 화합물 ····················· 458

*예상문제 ············································· 461

제 5 장 생물

5-1 총 대장균군 ································· 462

5-2 분원성 대장균군 ·························· 464

5-3 대장균 ·········································· 465

*예상문제 ············································· 466

5-4 물벼룩을 이용한 급성 독성

시험법 ·········································· 467

5-5 식물성 플랑크톤-현미경계수법 ··· 468

*예상문제 ············································· 470



PART 5 수질환경 관계법규



제 1 장 물환경 보전에 관한 법률

제1장 총칙 ························· 474

제2장 공공수역의 물환경 보전 ········· 485

제1절 총칙 ··········································· 485

제2절 국가 및 수계영향권별 물환경

보전 ········································· 500

제3절 호소의 물환경 보전 ··················· 502

제3장 점오염원의 관리 ··············· 504

제1절 산업폐수의 배출규제 ················· 504

제2절 공공폐수처리시설 ······················ 528

제3절 생활하수 및 가축분뇨의 관리 ··· 532

제4장 비점오염원의 관리 ············· 532

제5장 기타수질오염원의 관리 ·········· 538

제6장 폐수처리업 ··················· 539

제7장 보칙 ························ 545

제8장 벌칙 ························ 549

제 2 장 환경정책기본법 / 552



부록 과년도 출제문제



*2013년도 출제문제 ······························································· 558

*2014년도 출제문제 ······························································· 613

*2015년도 출제문제 ······························································· 670

*2016년도 출제문제 ······························································· 726

*2017년도 출제문제 ······························································· 787

*2018년도 출제문제 ······························································· 846

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