고문진보(1/4)(임동석중국사상100 140)

고문(古文) 중에서 '진실로 보배로운 글만을 모음'!

옛 군자 · 성현들이 늘 곁에 두고 읽던 최고의 한문 독본!

동양고전 맛을 누리기에 더없는 문장인생학 보물!



"이《고문진보》를 만약 뱃속에 간직할 수만 있다면,

가슴속에서 혼연히 쨍그랑 옥소리를 울리리." - 김시습



옛 글에서 참된 보물만 골라 모은 인생지혜의 책을 펼쳐라!



《고문진보》는 송나라 말에서 원나라 초, 학자 황견(黃堅)이 편집한 '고문(古文) 중에 진실로 보배가 될 만한 글을 모은 것'이라는 뜻으로, 고문과 인격과 학식을 닦기 위한 대중적인 교재를 말한다.

'고문'이란 중국 위진(魏晉) 시대에 성행하던 '기교주의 문장에 반대'하여 일어났던, 당송(唐宋) 고문운동가들이 주장하던 '고대부터 한대(漢代)까지의 질박하면서도 도덕적이며, 유가적 색채를 지닌 훌륭한 문체'를 뜻한다. 이것이 참다운 인생 지혜가 아니랴.



문장학의 보고! 고전의 참맛을 누려라!



이 책은 진한(秦漢)시대의 문장과 당송팔대가(唐宋八大家), 즉 한유, 유종원, 구양수, 소순, 소식, 소철, 증공, 왕안석의 문장을 주로 가려 뽑았고, 그 밖에 송대 이학가(理學家)의 문장이 주를 이룬다. 남송 때의 이학가들은 문예를 경시하고 고문을 중시했다. 신유학(新儒學)이 북송 초부터 유행하기 시작하면서, 그 사상을 전달하기에는 고문이 적합한 것으로 생각했기 때문이다.

전편과 후편으로 나누어, 전편은 운문 위주로「권학문(勸學文)」을 비롯하여 소박하고 고아한 고시를 주로 수록하였고, 후집은 산문인 17체의 명문을 실었다.

《경전(經典)》이 빈틈없는 논리와 철학을 주제로 한 것이라면, 《사서(史書)》는 인간 활동의 바른 길과 이야기 중심의 연결 고리를 알아야만 한다. 그런데 고문(古文)은 다양한 작자의 문장을 통해 이 모두를 이해할 수 있다. 때문에 독자는 여기에 실린 시와 문장, 특히 당송팔대가 산문들을 읽으며 옛 성인들의 지혜를 오롯이 되새길 수 있다.



한문공부의 금과옥조 인생백과 ≪고문진보≫



오늘날 우리가 접하고 있는 《고문진보》는 황견 이후 여러 사람의 손을 거쳐 증감되고, 개정된 것으로 초기 원본은 아니다. 나아가 송, 명, 청대를 거쳐 이름난 학자들에 의해 전문적이며 학술적인 고문에 대한 연구와 선집 등이 널리 출현하면서, 이 《고문진보》는 차츰 빛을 잃게 되어 중국에서는 잊히다시피 하였다. 그럼에도 한국과 일본에서는 근세까지도 고문학습의 가장 중요한 책으로 널리 활용되어 왔다.

특히 우리 선조들은 《고문진보》를 한문공부의 금과옥조로 여겼다. "아침에는 경서를, 저녁에는 역사를 공부하고, 왼쪽에는 시를 끼고, 오른쪽에는 문장을 들고"(朝經暮史, 左詩右文) 학습하던 조선시대의 학습풍토에서 초보적인 시문을 공부하는 학습자라면 바로 이 책을 필수 교재로 삼았음을 알 수 있다.

그런 까닭에 조선시대 학자라면 개인 문집에 이 책을 언급하지 않은 이들이 없을 정도였다. 《어우야담》에서는 "우리나라에서 어린이들의 배움은 대개 《십구사략》과 《고문진보》를 익히는 것으로 학문에 들어서는 문으로 삼았다."고 기록하고 있다. 특히 김시습은 '《고문진보》를 구하고 나서'(<득고문진보(得古文眞寶)>《매월당집(梅月堂集)》(9）)이라는 시에서 이렇게 기쁨을 노래하기도 했다.



"세상에서 구슬을 보물인 양 속이며 다투지만,

이는 다 쓰고 나면 남는 것이 없지.

이《고문진보》를 만약 뱃속에 간직할 수만 있다면,

가슴속에 혼연히 쨍그랑 옥소리 울리리라."



풍부하여 즐거운 해설 완역판 ≪고문진보≫!



《고문진보》는 일본과 한국에 전하는 판본이 각각 다르다. 일본에는 괴본(魁本, 元版本)이, 우리나라에는 대전(大全, 明版本)이 전해져 조선시대 널리 활용되었으며, 우리나라에 전하는 《상설고문진보대전》은 일본 판본보다 훨씬 양이 많고 내용이 풍부하며 조선시대 학자는 물론 일반인까지도 누구나 인용하고 익혀온, 가장 영향력이 컸던 텍스트였다. 이에 언해본도 있어서, 끊임없이 출간되기도 하였으며, 현대에 이르러서는 초역(抄譯), 선역(選譯) 등이 쏟아졌고, 나아가 완역본도 출간되었다. 이 책은 전체를 완역하면서 동시에 그간 혹 빠지기도 했던 참고 자료를 충분히 활용하고, 아울러 주석을 자세히 실음으로써 관련 사항을 세세하게 짚어볼 수 있도록 작업하였다. 또한 각주를 더욱 세밀히 하고, 음운적인 면까지 분석하였으며, 작품의 원출처를 일일이 찾아 대조하고 제시한 점도 큰 장점으로 꼽을 수 있다.

책머리에

일러두기

해제

《古文眞寶》 敍…鄭士文(〈元版本〉)

重刊 《古文眞寶》 跋…靑藜齋(〈弘治本〉)

〈陳?書〉(《古文眞寶》 後集 卷10) 〈太極圖說〉 注…陳?

〈善本大字諸儒箋解古文眞寶誌〉(《?隱逸稿》 卷4)…姜淮仲

〈詳說古文眞寶大全跋〉(《?隱逸稿》 卷4)…金宗直



《古文眞寶》[前集] 卷一

권학문勸學文

001. 진종황제권학문眞宗皇帝勸學文 … 宋 眞宗（趙恒） ··························68

002. 인종황제권학문仁宗皇帝勸學文 … 宋 仁宗（趙禎） ························71

003. 사마온공권학가司馬溫公勸學歌 … 司馬光（司馬君實） ····················74

004. 유둔전권학문柳屯田勸學文 … 柳永（柳屯田） ·····································77

005. 왕형공권학문王荊公勸學文 … 王安石（王荊公） ································79

006. 백낙천권학문白樂天勸學文 … 白居易（白樂天） ································82

007. 주문공권학문朱文公勸學文 … 朱熹（朱文公） ····································86

008. 부독서성남符讀書城南 … 韓退之（韓愈） ·············································88



오언고풍단편五言古風短篇

009. 청야음淸夜吟 … 邵康節（邵雍） ······························································98

010. 사시四時 … 陶淵明（陶潛） （顧愷之. 長康） ·············································100

011. 강설江雪 … 柳子厚（柳宗元） ·································································102

012. 방도자불우訪道者不遇 … 僧 無本（賈島） ··········································105

013. 잠부蠶婦 … 無名氏→張兪（?） ·······························································109

014. 민농憫農 … 李紳 ··················································································110

015. 독이사전讀李斯傳 … 李?（曹?） ·······················································113

016. 왕소군王昭君 … 李太白（李白） ····························································116

017. 검객劍客 … 賈島 ··················································································121

018. 칠보시七步詩 … 曹子建（曹植） ····························································123

019. 경병운競病韻 … 曹景宗 ······································································126

020. 탐천貪泉 … 吳隱之（處默） ·····································································129

021. 상산로유감商山路有感 … 白居易（白樂天） ·······································132

022. 금곡원金谷園 … 無名氏（曹松?） ··························································134

023. 춘계문답이春桂問答二 … 王維→王績） ············································136

024. 유자음遊子吟 … 孟郊（孟東野） ····························································141

025. 자야오가子夜吳歌 … 李太白（張翰?）··················································144

026. 우인회숙友人會宿 … 李太白（李白） ···················································147

027. 운곡잡영雲谷雜詠 … 朱晦庵（朱熹） ···················································149

028. 상전가傷田家 … ?夷中 ······································································151

029. 시흥時興 … 楊賁 ··················································································155

030. 이별離別 … 陸魯望（陸龜蒙） ································································157

031. 고시古詩 … 無名氏 ···············································································160

032. 귀원전거歸園田居 … 陶淵明（陶潛） ···················································163

033. 문래사問來使 … 陶淵明→ （江淹, 江文通） ··········································166

034. 왕우군王右軍 … 李太白（李白） ····························································169

035. 대주억하감對酒憶賀監（二首） … 李太白（李白） ·································172

036. 송장사인지강동送張舍人之江東 … 李太白（李白） ·····························176

037. 희증정율양?贈鄭?陽 … 李太白（李白） ···········································178

038. 조왕역양불긍음주嘲王歷陽不肯飮酒 … 李太白（李白） ·····················180

039. 자류마紫?馬 … 李太白（李白） ····························································182

040. 대주부지待酒不至 … 李太白（李白） ···················································184

041. 유용문봉선사遊龍門奉先寺 … 杜子美（杜甫） ··································186

042. 희간정광문겸정소사업?簡鄭廣文兼呈蘇司業 … 杜子美（杜甫） ········192

043. 기전초산중도사寄全椒山中道士 … 韋應物（韋蘇州） ······················195

044. 화위소주시기등도사和韋蘇州詩寄鄧道士 … 蘇東坡（蘇軾） ············199

045. 족유공권연구足柳公權聯句 … 蘇東坡（蘇軾） ··································202

046. 자첨적해남子瞻謫海南 … 黃山谷（黃庭堅） ·······································205

047. 소년자少年子 … 李太白（李白） ····························································208

048. 금릉신정金陵新亭 … 李太白（李白） ···················································210



《古文眞寶》[前集] 卷二

오언고풍단편五言古風短篇

049. 장가행長歌行 … 沈休文（沈約） 無名氏 ················································214

050. 잡시雜詩 … 陶淵明（陶潛） ·····································································217

051. 잡시雜詩 … 陶淵明（陶潛） ·····································································220

052. 의고擬古 … 陶淵明（陶潛） ·····································································223

053. 고취곡鼓吹曲 … 謝玄暉（謝?） ····························································225

054. 화서도조和徐都曹 … 謝玄暉（謝?） ···················································228

055. 유동원遊東園 … 謝玄暉（謝?） ····························································231

056. 원가행怨歌行 … 班?? ······································································233

057. 의원가행擬怨歌行 … 江文通（江淹） ···················································236

058. 고시古詩 … 無名氏 ···············································································240

059. 고시古詩 … 無名氏 ···············································································243

060. 녹균헌綠筠軒 … 蘇子瞻（蘇東坡） ························································248

061. 월하독작月下獨酌 … 李太白（李白） ···················································251

062. 춘일취기언지春日醉起言志 … 李太白（李白） ······································254

063. 소무蘇武 … 李太白（李白） ·····································································256

064. 잡시雜詩 … 陶淵明（陶潛） ·····································································262

065. 귀전원거歸田園居 … 陶淵明（陶潛） ···················································264

066. 서수필鼠鬚筆 … 蘇叔黨（蘇過） ····························································267

067. 첩박명妾薄命（二首） … 陳無己（陳師道） ···············································272

068. 청청수중포靑靑水中蒲 … 韓退之（韓愈） ···············································278

069. 유회幽懷 … 韓退之（韓愈） ·····································································281

070. 공연公? … 曹子建（曹植） ·····································································284

071. 독작獨酌 … 李太白（李白） ·····································································287

072. 귀전원歸田園 … 陶淵明（陶潛） 江淹（江文通） ······································289

073. 화도연명의고和陶淵明擬古 … 蘇東坡（蘇軾） ······································293

074. 책자責子 … 陶淵明（陶潛） ·····································································296

075. 전가田家 … 柳子厚（柳宗元） ·································································299



《古文眞寶》[前集] 卷三

오언고풍장편五言古風長篇

076. 직중서성直中書省 … 謝靈運（謝康樂）→謝?（謝玄暉） ·······················304

077. 고시古詩 … 無名氏 ···············································································308

078. 의고擬古 … 陶淵明（陶潛） ·····································································311

079. 독산해경讀山海經 … 陶淵明（陶潛） ···················································314

080. 몽이백夢李白（二首） … 杜子美（杜甫） ··················································317

081. 증동파贈東坡（二首） … 黃山谷（黃庭堅） ···············································324

082. 자오야제慈烏夜啼 … 白樂天（白居易） ················································330

083. 전가田家 … 柳子厚（柳宗元） ·································································334

084. 악부상樂府上 … 無名氏 ······································································337

085. 칠월야행강릉도중작七月夜行江陵途中作 … 陶淵明（陶潛） ················341

086. 음주飮酒 … 陶淵明（陶潛） ·····································································345

087. 귀전원거歸田園居 … 陶淵明（陶潛） ···················································349

088. 하일이공견방夏日李公見訪 … 杜子美（杜甫） ··································352

089. 증위팔처사贈衛八處士 … 杜子美（杜甫） ···········································356

090. 석호리石壕吏 … 杜子美（杜甫） ····························································361

091. 가인佳人 … 杜子美（杜甫） ·····································································366

092. 송제갈각왕수주독서送諸葛覺往隨州讀書 … 韓退之（韓愈） ············371

093. 사마온공독락원司馬溫公獨樂園 … 蘇子瞻（蘇東坡） ······················375

094. 상위좌상이십운上韋左相二十韻 … 杜子美（杜甫） ·························380

095. 기이백寄李白 … 杜子美（杜甫） ····························································393

096. 투증가서개부이십운投贈哥舒開府二十韻 … 杜子美（杜甫） ············413

097. 증위좌승贈韋左丞 … 杜子美（杜甫） ···················································425

098. 취증장비서醉贈張秘書 … 韓退之（韓愈） ···········································435

099. 착착齪齪 … 韓退之（韓愈） ·····································································442

100. 양강공유석상여취도사위부차시

楊康功有石狀如醉道士爲賦此詩 … 東坡（蘇軾）········································446



《古文眞寶》[前集] 卷四

칠언고풍단편七言古風短篇

101. 아미산월가?眉山月歌 … 李太白（李白） ···········································454

102. 산중답속인山中答俗人 … 李太白（李白） ···········································456

103. 산중대작山中對酌 … 李太白（李白） ····················································458

104. 춘몽春夢 … 岑參 ···················································································460

105. 소년행少年行 … 王維（王摩詰） ·····························································463

106. 심은자불우尋隱者不遇 … 魏野 ·························································465

107. 보허사步虛詞 … 高騈（高千里） ·····························································467

108. 십죽十竹 … 僧 淸順 ··············································································470

109. 유삼유동遊三遊洞 … 蘇子瞻（蘇東坡） ················································472

110. 양양로봉한식襄陽路逢寒食 … 張說 ················································474

111. 어옹漁翁 … 柳子厚（柳宗元） ··································································476

112. 금릉주사류별金陵酒肆留別 … 李太白（李白） ···································478

113. 사변思邊 … 李太白（李白） ·····································································480

114. 오야제烏夜啼 … 李太白（李白） ·····························································482

115. 희화답금어?和答禽語 … 黃山谷（黃庭堅） ········································484

116. 송우림도장군送羽林陶將軍 … 李太白（李白） ···································486

117. 채련곡採蓮曲 … 李太白（李白） ·····························································488

118. 청강곡淸江曲 … 蘇庠（養直） ································································490

119. 등금릉봉황대登金陵鳳凰臺 … 李太白（李白） ···································493

120. 조춘기왕한양早春寄王漢陽 … 李太白（李白） ···································497

121. 금릉성서루월하음金陵城西樓月下吟 … 李太白（李白） ·····················499

122. 제동계공유거題東溪公幽居 … 李太白（李白） ···································501

123. 상이옹上李邕 … 李太白（李白） ·····························································503

124. 탄정전감국화歎庭前甘菊花 … 杜子美（杜甫） ···································506

125. 추우탄秋雨歎 … 杜子美（杜甫） ·····························································509

126. 이월견매二月見梅 … 唐子西（唐庚） ····················································512

127. 수선화水仙花 … 黃魯直（黃庭堅） ·························································514

128. 등황학루登黃鶴樓 … 崔顥 ··································································516

129. 증당구贈唐衢 … 韓退之（韓愈） ·····························································521

130. 고의古意 … 韓退之（韓愈） ·····································································524



《古文眞寶》[前集] 卷五

칠언고풍단편七言古風短篇

131. 증정병조贈鄭兵曹 … 韓退之（韓愈） ····················································528

132. 치대전雉帶箭 … 韓退之（韓愈） ·····························································530

133. 남릉서별南陵?別 … 李太白（李白） ····················································532

134. 월야여객음주행화하月夜與客飮酒杏花下 … 蘇子瞻（蘇東坡） ·········536

135. 인일기두이습유人日寄杜二拾遺 … 高適（高達夫） ··························539

136. 유야랑증신판관流夜郞贈辛判官 … 李太白（李白） ··························544

137. 취후답정십팔이시기여추쇄황학루

醉後答丁十八以詩譏予?碎黃鶴樓 … 李太白（李白） ································548

138. 채석월증곽공보采石月贈郭功甫 … 梅聖兪（梅堯臣） ······················553

139. 파주문월把酒問月 … 李太白（李白） ····················································558

140. 남목위풍우소발탄?木爲風雨所拔歎 … 杜子美（杜甫） ·················561

141. 제태을진인연엽도題太乙眞人蓮葉圖 … 韓子蒼（韓駒） ·················565

142. 애강두哀江頭 … 杜子美（杜甫） ·····························································571

143. 연사정燕思亭 … 馬子才（馬存） ·····························································576

144. 우미인초虞美人草 … 曾子固（曾鞏） ····················································581

145. 자소년刺少年 … 李長吉（李賀） ·····························································588

146. 여산驪山 … 蘇子瞻（蘇東坡） ··································································593

147. 명하편明河篇 … 宋之問 ·······································································599

148. 제마애비題磨崖碑 … 黃山谷（黃庭堅） ················································605

149. 괵국부인야유도?國夫人夜遊圖 … 蘇子瞻（蘇東坡） ··························612

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