보건학(최신)

의과학의 발달 및 생활수준의 향상으로 건강에 대한 관심과 인식이 증가되고, 급성감염병은 감소한 반면, 잘못된 생활습관과 양식으로 인한 당뇨, 고혈압, 심장병, 뇌졸중, 각종 호흡기질환 등 만성퇴행성질환은 날로 증가하고 하고 있으며 신종질환이 출현하고 있다. 또한 통계청의 사망원인 발표에 의하면 우리나라의 2014년 3대 사망원인은 악성신생물(암), 뇌혈관질환, 심장질환으로 나타났다. 따라서 현대를 살아가는 우리는 인류의 생존을 위협하는 수많은 건강장애요인을 극복해가는 노력과 자연환경을 유지. 보존해 가기위한 다양한 보건사업의 추진을 더욱 필요로 있으며, 보건의료인들의 책임과 사명도 가중되고 있다. 과거에는 건강관리는 개인을 대상으로 하는 치료중심의 임상의학연구가 최근에는 지역사회 중심의 질병예방과 건강증진활동 등 예방중심의 연구로 변화되어가고 있다. 이렇게 보건의료중심으로 변화된 것은 20세기 중간부터이며, 21세기는 치료활동보다는 예방활동을 더욱 중시해 나가는 경향이 있다. 이러한 현실에 비추어 볼 때 전체 사회집단을 건강한 사회로 이끌기 위한 이상을 실현하기 위해서는 공중보건학의 중요성은 매우 크다고 할 수 있다. 또한 지역주민의 건강을 보호하고 건강을 증진시키기 위해서는 무엇보다도 보건활동을 하는 보건관리자와 보건행정을 전공으로 하는 학생들이 질병예방과 건강증진에 대한 폭넓은 전문지식이 요구된다.

본 교재의 순서는 제1부에서 제6부로 상호관련분야별로 나누어 집필하였으며, 제1부는 보건의 개념, 제2부는 인구와 보건통계, 제3부는 역학과 질병관리, 제4부는 환경보건, 제5부는 식생활과 건강, 제6부는 보건행정으로 구분하여 요점위주로 집필하였다.

01 보건의 개념

제1장 건강과 질병

1. 건강의 개념 ·································································· 12

2. 건강수준 지표 ······························································· 15

3. 질병의 발생과 예방 ························································ 20

4. 건강증진 ······································································· 23

제2장 공중보건

1. 공중보건의 정의 ···························································· 30

2. 공중보건학의 관련 학문 ·················································· 33

3. 공중보건학의 발전과정 ··················································· 36

4. 보건의료 활동 ······························································· 46

5. 공중보건학의 과제와 전망 ··············································· 54

02 인구와 보건통계

제3장 인구보건

1. 인구의 개념 ·································································· 60

2. 인구구성 ······································································· 68

3. 인구조사 ······································································· 70

4. 생명표 ·········································································· 71

5. 인구 및 출산율 현황 ······················································ 73

제4장 보건통계

1. 보건통계의 개념 ···························································· 77

2. 자료의 처리방법 ···························································· 81

3. 보건지표 및 보건통계 ························································ 86

4. 병원통계 ········································································ 93

03 역학 및 질병관리

제5장 역학

1. 역학의 개념 ································································ 100

2. 질병발생의 역학적 이론 ················································ 102

3. 역학의 연구방법 ·························································· 105

4. 역학조사 연구사례 ······················································· 114

제6장 감염병 관리

1. 감염병의 개념 및 발전사 ·············································· 116

2. 감염병의 생성과정 ······················································· 119

3. 감염병 유행의 양식 ······················································ 130

4. 감염병의 관리방법 ······················································· 134

5. 우리나라의 법정감염병 ················································· 136

6. 급성감염병 ·································································· 150

7. 만성감염병 ·································································· 171

제7장 만성질환(생활습관병) 관리

1. 고혈압증(hypertension) ·················································184

2. 동맥경화증(arteriosclerosis) ········································· 188

3. 당뇨병(diabetes mellitus) ············································ 189

4. 악성신생물(암, cancer) ················································ 193

5. 뇌졸중증(cerebral apoplexy) ········································ 199

6. 만성질환 및 암 예방관리 인프라 확충······························ 203

04 환경보건

제8장 환경과 건강

1. 환경위생의 개념 ·························································· 206

2. 기후와 온열요소 ·························································· 208

3. 일광 및 유해광선 ························································· 213

4. 공기와 건강 ································································ 216

5. 물과 건강 ··································································· 223

6. 분뇨 및 쓰레기 처리 ···················································· 230

7. 주택 및 의복보건 ························································ 237

8. 위생해충 ····································································· 240

9. 소독 ··········································································· 248

제9장 산업보건

1. 산업보건의 개념 ·························································· 252

2. 산업재해 ····································································· 254

3. 산업피로 ····································································· 257

4. 직업병 및 공업중독 ······················································ 259

5. 근로자의 보건관리 ······················································· 266

제10장 안전과 건강

1. 안전의 개념 ································································ 276

2. 사고와 손상의 개념 ····················································· 277

3. 교통안전 ···································································· 278

4. 안전교육 ···································································· 279

5. 응급처치 ···································································· 280

05 식생활과 건강

제11장 식품위생

1. 식품위생의 개념 ························································· 286

2. 식중독 ······································································· 292

3. 식품의 변질과 보존 ····················································· 306

4. 식품첨가물 ································································· 309

5. 식품과 질병 ································································ 310

제12장 보건영양

1. 보건영양의 개념 ·························································· 311

2. 영양소의 종류 및 작용 ················································· 312

3. 조절소의 작용 ····························································· 315

4. 열량(energy)대사 ······················································· 319

5. 영양상태의 판정 ························································· 321

6. 영양장애와 국민영양 개선 ············································· 323

06 보건행정

제13장 보건행정에 대한 이해

1. 보건행정의 개념 ·························································· 328

2. 한국의 보건행정 변천사 ················································ 332

3. 보건행정의 원리와 조직 ················································ 336

4. 한국의 보건행정 현황 ··················································· 341

5. 국제보건 관련기구 ······················································· 349

제14장 보건의료 및 의료보장제도

1. 보건의료 ····································································· 353

2. 의료보장제도 ······························································· 357

3. 국민건강보험 ······························································· 361

4. 의료급여 ····································································· 370

5. 노인장기요양보험 및 국민연금·고용보험 ························· 373

6. 산재보험재도 ······························································· 375

7. 국민의료비의 증가요인 ················································· 378

김문성 저자 김문성은 대원대학교