자본주의

내용



소련이 붕괴되고 중국이 세계적인 자본주의적 생산에 편입되면서 전 세계의 자본주의 시스템이 근본적으로 바뀌었다. 또한, 2008년 미국에서 시작된 글로벌 금융위기의 심각성과 그에 따른 대침체(Great Recession), 그리고 가장 최근의 현상으로서 브렉시트와 트럼프주의로 인해서도 자본주의는 근본적 전환기를 맞이하게 되었다. 이 책은 이와 같은 현대 자본주의의 역사와 방향, 그리고 단계에 관한 안내서인 동시에, 그러한 방향과 단계의 결정요인을 놓고 벌어지는 토론에 관한 개설서이기도 하다. 자본주의의 역사와 이론을 함께 논함으로써 자본주의의 변화 과정과 역동성을 이해하는 데 적합한 안내서인 것이다.



자본주의를 열광적으로 옹호하거나 자본주의를 신랄하게 비판하는 많은 책들과 달리 이 책은 자본주의의 장단점, 성과와 한계를 균형 있게 서술하고 있다. 즉 자본주의의 시장 메커니즘은 절대적으로 유지되어야 하지만, 동시에 자본주의는 어느 정도 관리될 필요도 있다는 것이다. 이 책은 자본주의를 새로 공부하려는 사람들에게 자본주의와 그 결과에 대한 끊임없는 논란을 균형 있게 이해할 수 있도록 돕는 최적의 길잡이라고 할 수 있다.



제1장에서는 자본주의의 기본 개념을 설명하고, 제2장에서는 자본주의의 유형을 시장 주도 자본주의, 타협적/합의적 자본주의, 발전국가형 자본주의, 국가소유/통제 자본주의의 네 가지로 분류한다. 제3장에서는 노동자와 노동운동의 관점에서 '아래로부터의 자본주의'를 논한다. 제4장에서는 자본주의를 설명하는 자유주의, 사회개혁주의, 마르크스주의의 세 가지 패러다임을 소개한다. 제5장에서는 자본주의가 임금, 노동자, 복지에 미치는 영향을 두루 분석한다. 제6장에서는 경제성장과 그 문제점, 불평등과 그 결과, 시장과 그 한계를 논하면서 자본주의의 미래를 전망한다. 그 과정에서 젠더와 환경 같은 쟁점까지 언급한다.



- 이 책의 특징

● 현대 자본주의를 이해하기 위해 자본주의의 '역사'와 그 '성과' 안내

● 자본주의 경제 작동 방식과 변화를 설명하기 위해 다양한 '이론'과 사례 소개

● 보다 정확한 용어와 의미를 설명하는 용어해설 포함

● 최근의 세계 자본주의 동향 설명

● 자본주의에 대해 아래로부터 자본주의, 즉 노동자의 관점에서 분석

● 자본주의 심화에 따른 다양한 문제점들을 보다 세부적으로 분석



정체된 성장의 문제를 극복하기 위해서는 또 한 번의 산업혁명이 필요한 반면에, 불평등의 문제를 해결하기 위해서는 공공정책을 통하여 자본주의와 시장을 제한할 필요가 있음을 저자는 암시한다. 그러나 실은 경제성장의 정체와 불평등의 심화는 별개의 문제가 아니다. 불평등의 심화는 경제성장을 저해하기 때문이다. 성장을 위해서는 불평등의 문제를 해결하지 않으면 안 된다는 것을 이 책은 알려준다.



따라서 자본주의를 연구하는 학자와 경제를 공부하는 학생들에게는 역사와 이론을 한번에 살펴보는 중요한 자료가 될 것이다. 또한 자본주의 결과로 나타나는 여러 가지 문제점들이 왜 발생하는지 자본주의가 앞으로 나아가야 할 방향에 대해 궁금해 하는 독자들에게는 궁금증을 해결하고 대안을 생각할 수 있게 할 것이다.

저자서문··········································································· viii

한국어판··········································································· xiv

저자서문··········································································· xiv

역자서문··········································································· xvi



1장 자본주의란 무엇인가················································ 1

현대 자본주의의 보편성················································· 2

현대 자본주의의 출현···················································· 7

흥하는 자본주의, 쇠하는 봉건주의································ 12

자본주의 발전의 물결·················································· 18

자본주의 발전의 단계·················································· 23

현대 자본주의의 성격·················································· 31



2장 위로부터의 자본주의················································ 37

자본주의의 다양성······················································ 38

자본주의의 다양성을 초래한 요인································· 48

복지자본주의의 세 가지 유형········································ 57

도전 받는 다양성························································ 65

상황이 변할수록 그들은 더욱 더 변함이 없다?··················· 75



3장 아래로부터의 자본주의············································· 85

초기 노동계급의 형성·················································· 89

단합된 계급? 분열된 계급?··········································· 95

초기 자본주의에 대한 대응 ·········································· 99

초기 자본주의 국가의 노동계급 정치··························· 103

자본주의의 복지 시절을 향유하기······························· 108

조직 노동자들의 흥망················································ 114

옛 자본주의와 새 자본주의의 공존······························ 123



4장 자본주의 논쟁························································· 131

설명의 패러다임 ······················································ 132

고전적 자유주의의 렌즈를 통해 본 자본주의················· 139

마르크스주의의 렌즈를 통해 본 자본주의····················· 145

자본주의와 사회개혁················································· 152

패러다임의 충돌······················································· 159

패러다임 선택하기···················································· 168



5장 자본주의와 그 결과················································· 178

중심부 자본주의 국가들의 과거 생활수준 ···················· 181

중심부 바깥에서의 과거 생활수준······························· 184

자본주의와 현재의 생활수준······································ 187

자본주의와 젠더······················································· 199

자본주의와 삶의 질··················································· 207

자본주의와 정치······················································· 217



6장 자본주의와 그 미래················································· 227

성장의 문제····························································· 228

불평등의 문제·························································· 236

시장을 기반으로 한 불평등의 문제······························ 243

기존 조건의 문제······················································ 252

인종과 민족··························································· 254

종교······································································ 258

공유지의 문제·························································· 263

자본주의의 문제?····················································· 272



용어해설········································································· 276

참고문헌········································································· 285

찾아보기········································································· 295

역자소개········································································· 301

David Coates