Human Rights and North Korea's Overseas Laborers: Dilemmas and Policy Challenges

Preface

Executve Summary



Ⅰ. Introduction

1. Background and Implications

2. Research Methodology and Scope

3. Analysis of Interviewees



Ⅱ. The Current State of North Korean overseas Laborers

1. Geographical Distribution and Quantity of North Korean Overseas Laborers

2. Country-Specific Analysis

3. North Korea's Labor Export Policy



Ⅲ. The Selection Process for Sending Laborers

1. Patterns of Selection and Motives behind Voluntry Application

2. Selection Criteria and Requirements



Ⅳ. Contract Terms

1. The Departure and Return Process

2. The Contract

3. Wages and Compensation



Ⅴ. Working Conditions

1. Labor sites

2. The Remuneration Management System

3. Human Rights Violations



Ⅵ. Living Conditions

1. Housing

2. Food and Clothing

3. Medical Treatment

4. Workplace Injuries



Ⅶ. Indoctrination, Surveillance and Punishment

1. Ideological Indoctrination and Surveillance

2. Contact with Family and the Host Country

3. Rules and Punishment

4. Laborer Detention Facilities

5. Violations of Local Laws



Ⅷ. Recommendations

1. Recommendations to Northe Korea

2. Recommendations to the Countres Hostion North Korean Laborers

3. Recommendations to the United Nations, South Korea, and Other Relvant Actors



Bibliography





[Table 1] Information on Interviewees

[Table 2] Northe Korean Overseas Laborers





[Figure 1] The Number of North Korean Overseas Laborers

[Figure 2] Hostion Countries of North Korean Overseas Laborers and the Amount of Foreign Currency Earnings

[Figure 3] Selection Process of North Korean Overseas Laborers

[Figure 4] Exploitive Structure

Yoon Yeo-sang