햄릿(셰익스피어 전집 6)
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4대 비극 중 가장 먼저 1601년에 집필된 『햄릿』은 덴마크의 역사가인 삭소 그라마티쿠스(Saxo Gramaticus)의 『덴마크의 역사』(Historae Danicae, 1514), 이를 바탕으로 쓴 프랑스의 프랑수아 드 벨포레스트(Francois de Belleforest)의 『비극 이야기』와 현존하지 않지만 셰익스피어 선배 작가에 의해 쓰여진 것으로 알려진 작자 미상의 극 『원 햄릿』(Ur-Hamlet)을 원전으로 하여 쓰여진 극이다. 중세 때부터 덴마크 사람들에게 전해 내려오던 Amleth 왕자의 전설을 소재로 한 이 극은 12세기경의 덴마크를 배경으로 한다. 셰익스피어의 4대 비극 가운데서도 최고의 작품으로 손꼽히는데 그 이유는 이 극이 인간의 가장 보편적인 주제인 삶과 죽음의 본질적 문제들을 고찰하고 있기 때문일 것이다. 기오 브란데스(Georg Brandes)는 『햄릿』을 근대 최초의 철학적 연극이라 명명하고, 햄릿을 전형적인 근대적 등장인물이라 평가했다.
『햄릿』은 한 인물이 자신이 감당할 수 없는 부조리한 상황에 부딪혀 정신적 고통을 겪으며 무너져 가는 모습을 잘 보여준다. 동생에 의한 형의 살해와 왕권찬탈, 그 동생과 형수의 근친상간적 결합 등 참으로 추악한 일들이 벌어지는 세상에서 섬세한 감수성을 지닌 햄릿은 우울하고 염세적이 된다. 햄릿에게 이 세상은 이성과 질서가 존재하는 곳이라고 여겨지지 않는다. 그는 비이성적인 본능과 욕망만 난무하는 이 세상에 한없는 환멸을 느낀다. 그래서 햄릿의 첫 독백은 세상에 대한 회의와 죽음에 대한 동경으로 시작한다. 그리고 자살을 죄악으로 금지한 하나님의 율법이 원망스럽기만 하다.
셰익스피어는 햄릿의 극적인 변모를 통해 모든 존재 속에 들어 있는 양면적 성격을 드러낸다. 아무리 선한 사람에게도 어둡고 위험한 본능이 도사리고 있다는 사실을 보여 준다. 이렇게 때와 장소에 따라 다른 모습을 보이는 햄릿은 작품 속 다른 등장인물들에게나 독자나 관객에게나 한마디로 설명할 수 없고 영원히 해독이 불가능한 신비로운 텍스트로 남아 있다.
『햄릿』은 한 인물이 자신이 감당할 수 없는 부조리한 상황에 부딪혀 정신적 고통을 겪으며 무너져 가는 모습을 잘 보여준다. 동생에 의한 형의 살해와 왕권찬탈, 그 동생과 형수의 근친상간적 결합 등 참으로 추악한 일들이 벌어지는 세상에서 섬세한 감수성을 지닌 햄릿은 우울하고 염세적이 된다. 햄릿에게 이 세상은 이성과 질서가 존재하는 곳이라고 여겨지지 않는다. 그는 비이성적인 본능과 욕망만 난무하는 이 세상에 한없는 환멸을 느낀다. 그래서 햄릿의 첫 독백은 세상에 대한 회의와 죽음에 대한 동경으로 시작한다. 그리고 자살을 죄악으로 금지한 하나님의 율법이 원망스럽기만 하다.
셰익스피어는 햄릿의 극적인 변모를 통해 모든 존재 속에 들어 있는 양면적 성격을 드러낸다. 아무리 선한 사람에게도 어둡고 위험한 본능이 도사리고 있다는 사실을 보여 준다. 이렇게 때와 장소에 따라 다른 모습을 보이는 햄릿은 작품 속 다른 등장인물들에게나 독자나 관객에게나 한마디로 설명할 수 없고 영원히 해독이 불가능한 신비로운 텍스트로 남아 있다.
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옮긴이의 말 ····································································································5
등장인물들 ····································································································10
1막 1장 ········································································································13
2장 ········································································································24
3장 ········································································································39
4장 ········································································································47
5장 ········································································································53
2막 1장 ········································································································64
2장 ········································································································71
3막 1장 ·······································································································103
2장 ·······································································································114
3장 ·······································································································136
4장 ·······································································································142
4막 1장 ·······································································································155
2장 ·······································································································158
3장 ·······································································································160
4장 ·······································································································165
5장 ·······································································································169
6장 ·······································································································183
7장 ·······································································································185
5막 1장 ·······································································································196
2장 ·······································································································212
작품해설 ·····································································································235
셰익스피어 연보 ···························································································249
등장인물들 ····································································································10
1막 1장 ········································································································13
2장 ········································································································24
3장 ········································································································39
4장 ········································································································47
5장 ········································································································53
2막 1장 ········································································································64
2장 ········································································································71
3막 1장 ·······································································································103
2장 ·······································································································114
3장 ·······································································································136
4장 ·······································································································142
4막 1장 ·······································································································155
2장 ·······································································································158
3장 ·······································································································160
4장 ·······································································································165
5장 ·······································································································169
6장 ·······································································································183
7장 ·······································································································185
5막 1장 ·······································································································196
2장 ·······································································································212
작품해설 ·····································································································235
셰익스피어 연보 ···························································································249
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