시인옥설 4권(한국연구재단 학술명저번역총서 동양편 757)(양장본 Hardcover)

《시인옥설》은 남송의 위경지가 중국 역대 시인들의 작품과 시에 관한 논의를 집대성한 시화총집이다. 시의 연원과 형식, 격률과 창작 방법은 물론, 여러 시인의 작품에 대한 비평까지 폭넓게 담고 있다. 그러나 우리는 왜 지금, 오래전 중국의 시를 다시 읽어야 할까? 우리말로 쓰이지도 않았고 우리 조상이 지은 것도 아닌 시가 오늘날 우리에게 무슨 의미를 갖는다는 것일까? 이 질문의 실마리는 뜻밖에도 2,500여 년 전 공자의 말에서 찾을 수 있다. 《논어》에는 공자가 아들 공리에게 가르침을 준 일화가 나온다. 공자는 아들에게 시를 배웠느냐고 물었고, 아직 배우지 않았다는 대답을 듣자 이렇게 말했다. "시를 배우지 않으면 말을 할 수 없다." 여기서 공자가 말한 시는 《시경》을 가리킨다. 물론 시를 배우지 않았다고 해서 실제로 말하지 못하는 것은 아니다. 공자가 강조한 것은 발화 행위 자체보다 자기 생각을 적절하게 표현하는 능력이었을 것이다. 당시 시는 단순히 아름다운 문장을 감상하는 대상이 아니라, 세상을 이해하고 자신의 생각을 표현하기 위해 익혀야 할 중요한 교양이었다. 시를 배운다는 것은 곧 언어를 배우는 일이었으며, 나아가 세상과 관계 맺는 법을 배우는 일이기도 했다. 이러한 생각은 후대에도 이어졌다. 시대가 흐르면서 시의 형식과 표현은 다양하게 발전했고, 시를 짓고 감상하는 방법을 둘러싼 논의도 풍부해졌다. 무엇이 좋은 시를 만드는가? 같은 대상을 노래하더라도 어떤 표현이 더 뛰어난가? 시의 아름다움은 어디에서 비롯되는가? 이러한 질문에 답하기 위해 수많은 시인과 비평가들이 자신의 견해를 제시했다. 위경지의 《시인옥설》은 바로 그 논의를 모아 체계적으로 정리한 책이다. 《시인옥설》에는 시를 창작할 때 경계해야 할 점부터 언어를 다듬는 방법, 시의 형식과 표현, 뛰어난 작품을 감상하는 안목에 이르기까지 다양한 논의가 담겨 있다. 위경지는 앞선 시인과 비평가들의 견해를 선별하고 분류하여 좋은 시를 이해하기 위한 길잡이를 마련했다. 특히 이 책은 추상적인 이론을 나열하는 데 그치지 않고, 실제 시인들의 작품과 구절을 통해 시의 아름다움이 어떻게 만들어지는지 보여 준다. 가령 같은 풍경을 노래하더라도 어떤 시인은 꾸밈없는 언어로 아름다움을 드러내고, 어떤 시인은 치밀한 표현으로 장대한 세계를 펼쳐 보인다. 같은 뜻을 담은 시구라도 단어 하나, 표현 하나에 따라 전혀 다른 인상을 남기기도 한다. 《시인옥설》은 이러한 차이를 섬세하게 짚어 낸다. 그 과정에서 독자는 시를 읽는 즐거움뿐 아니라, 시의 아름다움을 발견하고 이해하는 즐거움까지 경험하게 된다. 이 책에는 이백과 두보를 비롯해 도연명, 소식 등 중국을 대표하는 시인들의 작품과 그에 대한 비평이 폭넓게 등장한다. 따라서 《시인옥설》은 중국 고전 시의 주요 작품을 접할 수 있는 책인 동시에, 옛 시인들이 어떤 표현을 높이 평가하고 무엇을 경계했는지 살펴볼 수 있는 문학비평서이기도 하다. 일반적인 시선집이 뛰어난 시를 골라 보여 준다면, 《시인옥설》은 그 시가 왜 뛰어난지를 생각하게 한다. 더욱이 《시인옥설》의 영향은 중국에만 머물지 않았다. 역자에 따르면 김장생, 허균, 차천로, 이유원, 김진수, 유몽인, 이수광, 심수경, 신위, 임전, 김방걸, 권구 등 수많은 조선 문인이 《시인옥설》을 인용하면서 자신의 논의를 펼쳤다고 한다. 이는 중국의 시학적 전통이 조선의 문학과 비평에도 지대한 영향을 끼쳤음을 보여 준다. 오늘날 우리가 한국 고전문학의 일부로 받아들이는 한시 역시 이러한 전통과 교류하며 발전했던 것이다. 그러므로 《시인옥설》을 읽는 일은 중국의 옛 시를 이해하는 데 그치지 않고, 우리 조상들이 시를 짓고 감상할 때 어떤 문학적 전통을 참조했는지 살펴보는 일이기도 하다. 그러나 《시인옥설》의 가치를 이러한 역사적·학술적 의의에만 한정할 필요는 없다. 우리가 이 책을 읽어야 하는 이유는 무엇보다 그 안에 담긴 시와 비평이 오늘날에도 충분한 감상의 즐거움을 주기 때문이다. 오랜 세월이 흘렀어도 자연을 바라보며 느끼는 감흥, 삶의 덧없음에 대한 탄식, 그리움과 기쁨을 표현하려는 마음은 크게 다르지 않다. 그리고 그러한 감정을 어떻게 언어로 표현할 것인가라는 문제 역시 여전히 유효하다. 공자가 시를 배우지 않으면 말을 할 수 없다고 했던 것은 어쩌면 시를 통해 우리가 언어의 가능성을 배울 수 있기 때문이었을지도 모른다. 그런 점에서 《시인옥설》은 단순히 옛 시인들의 작품과 비평을 모아 놓은 책이 아니다. 아름다운 시를 만나는 즐거움에 더해, 그 아름다움이 어디에서 비롯되는지 깨닫게 하는 책이다. 오래된 시구를 따라가다 보면 우리는 옛 시인들의 생각과 감정뿐 아니라, 오늘날에도 여전히 유효한 언어의 아름다움을 발견하게 될 것이다.

차 례

시인옥설권지십칠(詩人玉屑卷之十七)
1. 서곤체西崑體 ································································································ 39
2. 육일거사(六一居士) 구양수(歐陽脩)六一居士 ······················································· 47
3. 자미(子美) 소순흠(蘇舜欽)蘇子美 ······································································ 61
4. 도관(都官) 매요신(梅堯臣)梅都官 ······································································ 65
5. 만경(曼卿) 석연년(石延年)石曼卿 ······································································ 70
6. 서호처사(西湖處士) 임포(林逋)西湖處士 ····························································· 72
7. 강절(康節) 소옹(邵雍)邵康節 ············································································ 78
8. 반산노인(半山老人) 왕안석(王安石)半山老人 ······················································· 82
9. 설당(雪堂) 소식(蘇軾)雪堂 ············································································· 122

시인옥설권지십팔(詩人玉屑卷之十八)
1. 부옹(?翁) 황정견(黃庭堅)?翁 ······································································ 153
2. 이상(履常) 진사도(陳師道)陳履常 ···································································· 168
3. 태허(太虛) 진관(秦觀)秦太虛 ·········································································· 177
4. 문잠(文潛) 장뢰(張?)와 소유(小游) 진관張秦 ················································· 184
5. 문잠 장뢰張文潛 ························································································· 186
6. 자창(子蒼) 한구(韓駒)韓子蒼 ·········································································· 192
7. 봉원(逢原) 왕령(王令)王逢原 ·········································································· 196
8. 천계(天啓) 채조(蔡肇)蔡天啓 ·········································································· 198
9. 수로(秀老) 유화(兪和)와 동생 청로(淸老) 유담(兪澹)兪秀老淸老 ························· 203
10. 세필(世弼) 원척(元陟)元世弼 ········································································ 208
11. 공보(功甫) 곽상정(郭祥正)郭功甫 ································································· 212
12. 방회(方回) 하주(賀鑄)賀方回 ········································································ 223
13. 자야(子野) 장선(張先)張子野 ········································································ 226
14. 무일(無逸) 사일(謝逸)謝無逸 ········································································ 230
15. 돈부(敦夫) 형거실(邢居實)邢敦夫 ································································· 234
16. 빈로(?老) 반대림(潘大臨)潘?老 ································································· 239
17. 소급(少汲) 호직유(胡直孺)胡少汲 ································································· 242
18. 중거(仲車) 서적(徐積)徐仲車 ········································································ 246
19. 공제(公濟) 양반(楊蟠)楊公濟 ········································································ 249
20. 운수(芸?) 장순민(張舜民)張芸? ································································· 251
21. 자서(子西) 당경(唐庚)唐子西 ········································································ 253
22. 중지(仲至) 왕흠신(王欽臣)王仲至 ································································· 255

시인옥설권지십구(詩人玉屑卷之十九)
1. 중흥제현中興諸賢 ························································································ 261

시인옥설권지이십(詩人玉屑卷之二十)
1. 선림禪林 ···································································································· 365
2. 방외方外 ···································································································· 401
3. 규수閨秀 ···································································································· 419

시인옥설권지이십일(詩人玉屑卷之二十一)
1. 영이靈異 ···································································································· 443
2. 시여詩餘 ···································································································· 452
3. 《중흥사화》中興詞話 ···················································································· 491

송 위경지 위경지(魏慶之, ?-?)
자는 순보(醇甫), 호는 국장(菊庄), 복건성(福建省) 건양(建陽) 사람이다. 뛰어난 재능과 명성이 있었으나 벼슬길에는 뜻이 없어, 국화 일천 송이를 심고 매일 시인 묵객들과 어울려 술을 마시고 시를 읊으며 은둔 생활을 즐겼다. 남송 이종(理宗) 연간에 주로 활동하면서, 남송 및 이전 시대의 시화(詩話) 자료를 집대성한《 시인옥설(詩人玉屑)》을 편찬했다.