우회덤핑 방지 제도 해설 글

한국의 우회덤핑 방지 제도는 국내 산업 보호 정책의 중요한 전환점이다. 그러나 제도가 처음 도입되는 과정에서 관련 정보는 제한적이었고, 실무자·기업·법률 전문가들 모두 명확한 기준을 찾기 어려운 상황이었다.

이 책은 제도 설계와 도입을 직접 이끈 실무자가 그 경험을 바탕으로 제도적 취지·입법 과정·법령 구조를 명확하게 설명한 드문 자료이다.
특히 EU, 미국, 캐나다 등 주요국 제도와의 비교는 한국 제도 이해를 한층 풍부하게 만들며, 관세법과 시행령·시행규칙을 조항별로 해설한 부분은 실무 적용 과정에서 큰 도움을 줄 것이다.

우회덤핑 방지 제도가 안정적으로 정착되기 위해서는 정부·기업·법률 전문가 모두의 정확한 이해가 필수적이다. 이 책은 그 첫걸음을 돕는 실용적이고 신뢰할 수 있는 안내서가 될 것이다.

차례

Ⅰ. 프롤로그 : 우회의 개요 및 주요국의 우회 방지 제도 1

01 우회의 개요 ………………………………………………………………… 1
1) 우회의 개념 ·································································································· 1
2) 우회덤핑의 개념 ···························································································· 3
3) 우회덤핑의 유형 ···························································································· 5
4) 우회덤핑 방지 제도의 WTO 합치성 - 위배? ··················································· 10
5) 우회덤핑 방지 제도의 WTO 합치성 - 합치? ··················································· 12

02 주요국의 우회덤핑 방지 제도 개요: EU ……………………………………16
1) EU 우회 방지 법률 제도 개관 ······································································· 16
2) Reg 2016/1036 제13조 1항: 우회덤핑의 요건 ① - 무역 패턴의 변화 ············ 18
3) Reg 2016/1036 제13조 1항과 2항: 우회덤핑의 요건 ② - 관행, 공정, 작업의 변화 ·· ··22
4) Reg 2016/1036 제13조 1항: 우회덤핑의 요건 ③ - 무역 구제 조치의 훼손 여부 · ·······28
5) Reg 2016/1036 제13조 1항: 우회덤핑의 요건 ④ - 덤핑의 존재 ···················· 29
6) Reg 2016/1036 제13조 3항: 우회덤핑 조사의 절차 ····································· 32
7) Reg 2016/1036 제13조 4항과 5항: 우회덤핑의 면제와 관세 부과 ················· 34
8) 우회 조사기관 및 결정 절차 ········································································· 36
9) 직권조사와 소급효 ······················································································ 38

03 주요국의 우회덤핑 방지 제도 개요: 미국 …………………………………41
1) 미국 우회 방지 법률 제도 개관 ················································································· 41
2) 우회의 유형 ①, 관세법 제781조 (a): 미국 내 완성 혹은 조립 ·························· 43
3) 우회의 유형 ②, 관세법 제781조 (b): 제3국 완성 혹은 조립 ···························· 45
4) 우회의 유형 ③, 관세법 제781조 (c): 사소한 변경 ·········································· 54
5) 우회의 유형 ④, 관세법 제781조 (d): 사후 개발 제품 ····································· 55
6) Scope Ruling과 우회 조사의 관계 ······························································· 58
7) 직권조사 ···································································································· 59
8) 우회 조사의 절차와 19 CFR Section 351.226 ·············································· 61
9) 우회 조사기관 ····························································································· 72

04 주요국의 우회덤핑 방지 제도 개요: 캐나다 ………………………………75
1) 캐나다 우회 방지 법률 제도 개관 ·································································· 75
2) SIMA 제71조: 캐나다 법령상 우회의 정의 ····················································· 76
3) SIMR 제57.11조: 우회덤핑의 요건 ① - 무역 패턴의 변화 ······························· 76
4) SIMR 제57.12조: 우회덤핑의 요건 ② - 특정 행위의 발생 ······························ 78
5) SIMR 제57.12조 (a): 우회덤핑의 요건 ②-1 - 캐나다 내 조립 혹은 완성 ·········· 79
6) SIMR 제57.12조 (b): 우회덤핑의 요건 ②-2 - 제3국 조립 혹은 완성 ··············· 80
7) SIMR 제57.12조 (c): 우회덤핑의 요건 ②-3 - 사소한 변경 ····························· 81
8) SIMR 제57.15조: 우회덤핑의 요건 ②-4 - 무역구제조치 효과의 훼손 ·············· 83
9) SIMR 제57.16조: 우회덤핑의 요건 ③ - 덤핑방지관세 부과와 무역 패턴의 인과관계 ··· 83
10) 우회 조사기관·조사 절차 및 기간 ································································ 86
11) 직권조사 ·································································································· 90

05 기타 국가의 우회덤핑 방지 제도 …………………………………………92
1) 인도 ··········································································································· 92
2) 호주 ··········································································································· 95
3) 튀르키예 ···································································································· 96
4) 중국 ········································································································· 100
5) 기타 국가 ································································································· 101

Ⅱ. 텍스투스 : 한국의 우회덤핑 방지 제도 해설 ????? 105

01 한국의 우회덤핑 방지 제도 도입 과정 ………………………………… 105
1) 우회덤핑 방지제도에 대한 한국 정부의 과거 견해 ········································ 105
2) 우회덤핑 방지제도에 대한 한국 정부의 견해 변경 ········································ 107
3) 한국 우회덤핑 방지제도 도입 경과 ······························································ 108

02 한국의 우회덤핑 방지 제도 - 관세법 제56조의 2 …………………… 111
1) 관세법 제56조의 2 개관 ············································································ 111
2) 관세법 제56조의 2, 제①항 : 덤핑방지관세가 부과되는 물품? ························ 112
3) 관세법 제56조의 2, 제①항 : "등?" ····························································· 113
4) 관세법 제56조의 2, 제①항 : 제51조에 따른 부과 요청을 한 자? ··················· 114
5) 관세법 제56조의 2, 제①항의 2 : 그 밖에 대통령령으로 정하는 경우? ············ 115
6) 관세법 제56조의 2, 제②항 : 가격 약속과 잠정 조치 ····································· 115
7) 관세법 제56조의 2, 제③항 : 소급효 ··························································· 116

03 한국의 우회덤핑 방지 제도 - 관세법 시행령 제71조의2~제71조의 11 ……117
1) 관세법 시행령 제71조의 2~제71조의 11 개관 ············································ 117
2) 관세법 시행령 제71조의 2 - 우회덤핑 행위의 유형: 경미한 변경 ··················· 118
3) 관세법 시행령 제71조의 3 - 우회덤핑 직권조사 사유 ··································· 123
4) 관세법 시행령 제71조의 6 - 우회덤핑 직권조사의 개시 ································ 125
5) 관세법 시행령 제71조의 4 - 우회덤핑 조사의 신청 ······································ 130
6) 관세법 시행령 제71조의 5 - 우회덤핑 조사의 개시 ······································ 135
7) 관세법 시행령 제71조의 7 - 우회덤핑의 조사 절차 ······································· 145
8) 관세법 시행령 제71조의 8 - 우회덤핑 조사신청의 철회 및 종결 ····················· 149
9) 관세법 시행령 제71조의 9 - 우회덤핑과 관련한 이해관계인에 대한 자료협조 요청 등 ·152
10) 관세법 시행령 제71조의 10 - 우회덤핑에 대한 덤핑방지관세의 부과 ··········· 155
11) 관세법 시행령 제71조의 11 - 우회덤핑과 관련한 이해관계인에 대한 통지·공고 등 ···167

04 한국의 우회덤핑 방지 제도 - 관세법 시행규칙 제20조의 2~제20조의 4 … 171
1) 관세법 시행규칙 제20조의 2~제20조의 4 개관 ··········································· 171
2) 관세법 시행규칙 제20조의 2, 제①항 - 경미한 변경행위의 판단 ···················· 172
3) 관세법 시행규칙 제20조의 3 - 우회덤핑 조사신청의 철회 ···························· 181
4) 관세법 시행규칙 제20조의 4 - 우회덤핑 조사 관련 비밀취급 자료 ················· 182

05 한국의 우회덤핑 방지 제도 - 덤핑방지관세 부과 신청·조사·판정에 관한
세부 운영 규정 제2조, 제32조 내지 제37조 ………………………… 185
1) 운영 규정 제2조, 제32조 내지 제37조 개관 ················································ 185
2) 운영 규정 제2조 - 용어의 정의 ··································································· 186
3) 운영 규정 제32조 - 우회덤핑 조사신청 자격 ················································ 189
4) 운영 규정 제33조 - 우회물품에 대한 덤핑방지관세 부과에 필요한 조사신청 ···· 191
5) 운영 규정 제34조 - 신청서 검토 ································································· 192
6) 운영 규정 제35조 - 우회덤핑 조사 대상 물품 범위에 대한 의견 제출 ··············· 193
7) 운영 규정 제36조 - 우회덤핑 조사 참여 신청 ················································ 194
8) 운영 규정 제37조 - 조사개시 여부 결정 시 의견 문의 ···································· 195

Ⅲ 에필로그 198

01 한국의 우회 방지 제도 개선을 위한 제언 ………………………………………199

Ⅳ. 별첨: 우회덤핑 조사 신청서 205

01 우회덤핑 조사 신청서 ………………………………………………………………206

이원희 서울대학교 경제학과, 서울대학교 행정대학원, JD at University of New Hampshire School of Law, Attorney at Law in New York State
행정고시 41회, 산업자원부 자원정책과, 투자진흥과, 국무총리실 심사평가심의관실, 지식경제부 부품소재총괄과,대한무역투자 진흥공사 파견근무,우정사업본부 대체투자팀장,산업통상 자원부 수출입 과장, 산업통상자원부 무역규범과장, 무역위원회 덤핑조사과장, 통상법무기획과장, 現 산업통상부 부이사관

저서
외국인직접투자 얼마나 알고 계십니까? (2002, 공저)
한일 투자협정 해설 (2003, 공저)
대체투자 파헤치기 (上) - 세계 경제동향, 헤지펀드 編(2014)
대체투자 파헤치기 (中) - 타이타노마키의 서막: PEF 編(2015)
대체투자 파헤치기 (下) - 타이타노마키의 2막: 주주행동주의, 주요 대기업 그룹 해부 編(2015)
황금, 설탕, 이자 - 바빌로니아의 수수께끼 編 (上-1) 券 (2024)
황금, 설탕, 이자 - 바빌로니아의 수수께끼 編 (上-2) 券 (2024)
황금, 설탕, 이자 - 바빌로니아의 수수께끼 編 (下-1) 券 (2024)
황금, 설탕, 이자 - 바빌로니아의 수수께끼 編 (下-2) 券 (2024)
황금, 설탕, 이자 - 성전기사단의 비밀 編 (上-1) 券 (2024)
우회덤핑 방지 제도 해설 書- 한국 우회덤핑 제도 설계자의 해설 書(2025)