2027 도해 기업진단지도 기본이론 및 기출문제

chap.1 경영학(인적자원관리, 조직관리, 생산관리) 1
Ⅰ. 인적자원관리의 개념 및 관리방안에 관한 사항 ·············· 3

Ⅱ. 노사관계관리에 관한 사항 ················· 4
1. 노사관계 ························ 4
2. 노동3권 ························· 4
3. 단체협약 ························ 4
4. 노동조합(Labor Union) ·················· 4
(1) 노동조합의 유형 ·······················4
(2) 협상(교섭, Bargaining) ·····················5
(3) 단체교섭의 방식(Collective Bargaining) ················5
(4) 노동쟁의(Labor Disputes) ···················6
(5) 부당노동행위(ULP : Unfair Labor Practices) ·················7
(6) 체크오프 시스템(COS : Check Off System) ··············7
5. 숍제도(Shop System) : 노동조합 가입방법 ··········· 8
6. 근로자의 경영참가(Worker's Participation System) ·········· 9
(1) 자본참가(Participation in Capital) ··················9
(2) 이익참가, 이윤참가(Participation in Profit) ················9
(3) 의사결정참가(Participation in Decision-Making) ················9
7. 미국의 노동관계법 ····················· 10
(1) 와그너법(Wagner Act) ···················10
(2) 태프트-하틀리법(Taft-Hartley Act) ················10
8. 노동조합 및 노동관계조정법(약칭: 노동조합법) ·············· 10

Ⅲ. 조직관리의 개념에 관한 사항 ··················· 11
1. 조직구조(Organization Structure) ················· 11
2. 기술과 조직구조 (기술 구조조직설계의 3대 학자) ········· 15
(1) 우드워드(J. Woodward)의 기술 3분류 ·················15
(2) 톰슨(J. Thompson)의 기술 3분류 ··················15
(3) 페로우(C. Perrow)의 기술 4분류 ····················15
3. 막스 베버(M. Weber)의 관료제 이론(Bureaucracy) ········ 16
4. 인적자원관리 ···················· 16
(1) 테일러(F. W. Taylor)의 과학적 관리론(Scientific Management) ···········16
(2) 포드(H. Ford)의 동시관리 ·····················17
(3) 메이요(Mayo)의 호손실험 인간관계론(Human Relations) ·············17
5. 조직문화(Organizational Culture) ················· 17
(1) 파스칼(R. Pascale)과 애토스(A. Athos)의 7S 조직문화 구성요소 ········18
(2) 딜과 케네디(T. Deal and A. Kennedy)의 조직문화 구성요소와 유형 ·······18
(3) 데니슨(D. R. Denison)의 조직문화 유형 ··············19
(4) 샤인(E. Schein)의 조직문화의 변화 3단계 ·················19
(5) 퀸(Robert Quinn)의 조직문화유형(경쟁가치모델, Quinn's competing values framework) ··20
(6) 홉스테드(G. Hofstede)의 문화차원(cultural dimensions) ············21
(7) 레윈(레빈, K. Lewin)의 조직변화 3단계 모델 ·············21
(8) 슈나이더(B. Schneider)의 유인-선발-이탈 모델(ASA : Attraction-Selection-Attrition model) 21
6. 조직문화의 순기능과 역기능 ·················· 22
7. 안전문화 및 안전풍토 ···················· 22
8. 민쯔버그(H. Mintzberg)의 조직의 5가지 구성부문(parts)과 유형 ······· 25

Ⅳ. 조직행동론에 관한 사항 ·················· 27
1. 프렌치(J. French)와 레이븐(B. Raven)의 사회적 권력(social power)의 원천 ·· 27
2. 리더십(leadership) ··················· 27
3. 행동이론(Behavior Theory)의 종류 ················ 28
(1) 미시간 대학의 연구 ······················28
(2) 오하이오 주립대학의 연구 ··················28
(3) 블레이크(R. Blake)와 머튼(무튼, J. Mouton)의 리더십 관리격자모형(Managerial Grid Model) · 28
4. 상황이론(Contingency Theory)의 종류 ·············· 30
(1) 하우스(R. House)의 경로-목표 이론(Path-Goal Theory) ············30
(2) 피들러(F. Fiedler)의 리더십 상황이론(Fiedler's Contingency Theory of Leadership) ···30
(3) 댄서로 등(Dansereau, Graen, & Haga)의 리더-부하 교환이론(LMX, Leader-Member Exchange theory) ·· 31
5. 현대적 리더십의 종류 ···················· 32
(1) 막스 베버(Max Weber)의 카리스마 리더십(Charismatic Leadership) ·········32
(2) 거래적 리더십(Transactional Leadership) ···············32
(3) 번즈(J. Burns)와 바스(B. Bass)의 변혁적 리더십(Transformational Leadership) ····32
(4) 섬기는 리더십(Servant Leadership) ···················32
(5) 슈퍼 리더십(Super Leadership) ···················32
6. 헤드십(Headship) ···················· 33

Ⅴ. 생산관리 및 제품생애주기 ···················· 34
1. 생산관리 ······················ 34
2. 제품생애주기(제품수명주기, Product Life Cycle) ········· 34

Ⅵ. 생산시스템 및 관련 이론 ················ 35
1. 생산시스템(Productive System)의 5요소(단계) ············ 35
2. 푸시(push) 시스템 VS. 풀(pull) 시스템 ·············· 35
3. 자재소요계획(MRP : Material Requirements Planning) ········· 36
4. 셀생산시스템(CMS : Cellular Manufacturing System) ········· 36
5. 유연생산시스템(FMS : Flexible Manufacturing System) ········ 36
6. 모듈생산시스템(MPS : Modular Production System) ··········· 36
7. 적시생산시스템(JIT : Just In Time) ·············· 37
8. 전사적 자원관리(ERP : Enterprise Resource Planning) ········ 38
9. 공급자 (주도형) 재고관리(VMI : Vendor Managed Inventory) ······· 38
10. 공급사슬관리(SCM : Supply Chain Management) ·········· 38
11. 비즈니스 프로세스 리엔지니어링(BPR : Business Process Re-engineering) ····· 38

Ⅶ-1. 수요예측 및 기법 ··················· 39
1. 수요예측(Demand Forecasting) ················ 39
2. 수요예측의 정성적(주관적) 기법 ·················· 39
(1) 델파이법(Delphi Method) ···················39
(2) 패널법(패널 동의법, Panel Consensus) ··················39
(3) 소비자 조사법(시장 조사법, Market Research) ············39
(4) 역사적 유추법(자료 유추법, Historical Analogy) ···············39
(5) 판매망 활용 예측법(판매원 의견종합법) ··················39
3. 수요예측의 정량적(객관적) 기법 ·················· 40
(0) 시계열 분석법(시계열 분해법, Time Series Analysis) ··············40
(1) 이동평균법(Moving Average Method) ···············40
(2) 지수 평활법(Exponential Smoothing Method) ···············41
(3) 회귀분석법(단순회귀분석, Simple Linear Regression) ·············42
(4) 전기수요법(前期需要法, Last Period Demand Method) ··········43
(5) 추세분석법(Trend Analysis) ·····················43
4. 총괄생산계획(Aggregate Production Plan, APP) 및 기법 ······ 44
(1) 도표법(graphic and charting method) ··················44
(2) 수리적 최적화 기법 ······················44
(3) 휴리스틱 계획 기법(Heuristic Programming Method) ···········44

Ⅶ-2. 인적자원의 수요 및 공급예측 ··············· 45
1. 인적자원계획과 정원관리 ···················· 45
2. 인적자원계획의 수립과정 ···················· 45
3. 인적자원 수요예측 ····················· 45
4. 인적자원 공급예측 ····················· 46

Ⅷ. 생산운영 공정과 설비배치 ···················· 47
1. 프로젝트 관리(공정/일정 관리) ··············· 47
2. 프로젝트(공정/일정) 관리 기법 ··············· 47
(1) 간트차트(Gantt Chart) ···················47
(2) CPM VS. PERT ·······················48
3. 설비배치와 설비배치계획 ···················· 49
4. 작업장(workstation)의 설비배치의 유형 ·············· 49

Ⅸ. 재고관리 ······················ 51
1. 재고관리 ······················ 51
2. 재고비용(Inventory Cost)의 구성 ············· 51
3. 재고의 기능에 따른 분류 ·················· 52
4. 경제적주문량 모형(EOQ : Economic Order Quantity) ······· 52
5. ABC 재고관리(선택적 재고 관리 : ABC Inventory Management) ······ 53
6. 손익분기점(BEP : Break Even Point) ··············· 54
7. 서비스 수율관리(서비스 운영관리, 收率管理, Yield Management) ···· 55
8. 공급사슬관리(SCM : Supply Chain Management) ············ 57
(1) 라이트(J.N Wright)의 공급사슬 채찍효과(Bullwhip effect) ··········57
(2) 크로스 도킹(통과형 물류센터, Cross Docking) ···············58
(3) 공급자 (주도형) 재고관리(VMI : Vendor Managed Inventory) ········58
(4) CPFR(Collaborative Planning, Forecasting, and Replenishment) ········58
(5) 지연 차별화(delayed differentiation) ·················58
(6) 하우 리(H. Lee)의 공급사슬 5전략 ················58
9. 지속가능한 공급사슬관리(SSCM : Sustainable Supply Chain Management) ··· 59
10. 재고모형 ························ 60

Ⅹ. 품질관리 ······················ 61
1. 품질관리(Quality Control) ··················· 61
2. 통계적 품질관리(SQC : Statistical Quality Control)의 7 Tools ······· 62
3. 종합적 품질관리(TQC), 전사적 품질관리(CWQC) ········· 64
(1) 신 QC 7가지 도구(New QC 7 Tools) ················64
(2) 신 QC 7가지 도구의 특징 ·····················64
4. 종합적 품질경영(총체적 품질경영, TQM : Total Quality Management) ··· 65
5. 6시그마 운동 ······················ 66
6. 다구치 기법(Taguchi Method) 및 손실함수(Taguchi Loss Function) ······· 68
7. 수율관리(Yield Management) ·················· 69
8. SERVQUAL 모형 ······················ 69
9. HACCP(식품안전관리인증기준, Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point) ··· 70
10. 대량고객화(Mass Customization) ················ 70
11. 쥬란(J. Juran)의 품질삼각축(Quality Trilogy) ············ 71
12. 데밍(W. Deming)의 7가지 병폐와 14가지 품질경영 철학 ······ 72 ?. 생산관리 최신이론에 관한 사항 ················ 73
1, 국제표준화기구(ISO : International Organization for Standardization ··· 73
2. 환경경영(EM : Environmental Management)과 지속가능한 성장(SD : Sustainable
Development) ······················· 73
3. 기업의 사회적 책임(CSR : Corporate Social Responsibility) ······· 74
4. 포터(M. Porter)와 크래머(M. Kramer)의 공유가치창출(CSV : Creating Shared Value) ··· 74


chap.2 산업심리학 75
Ⅰ. 산업심리 개념 및 요소 ··················· 77
1. 산업심리학(Industrial Psychology) ················· 77
2. 산업심리학의 연구방법 ··················· 77
3. 심리검사 ······················ 77
4. 위험감수성(danger/risk sensitivity) ················ 78
5. 볼더(Boulder)의 과학자-실무자 모델(Scientist-Practitioner model) ······· 78
5. 특질이론 ······················ 78

Ⅱ. 직무수행과 평가 ···················· 82
1. 직무분석(Job Analysis) ················ 82
2. 직무설계(Job Design) ·················· 85
3. 직무평가(Job Evaluation) ················· 87
4. 직무급 제도(職務給, job-based pay, job classification wage) ······ 88
5. 인적자원의 보상 ··················· 89
6. 현장직무교육 : OJT(On the Job Training, 직장內 교육훈련) ······ 89

Ⅲ. 심리평가의 신뢰도와 타당도 ················ 90
1, 신뢰도(Reliability) ···················· 90
2. 타당도(Validity) ······················ 91
(1) 구성 타당도(개념 타당도, Construct validity) ··············91
(2) 준거 타당도(기준 타당도, 준거관련 타당도, Criterion (related) validity) ··········91
(3) 내용 타당도(Content validity) ················91
(4) 안면 타당도(Face validity) ·················92
(5) 내적 타당도(Internal validity) ·················92
3. 심리평가에서 검사의 신뢰도와 타당도의 상호관계 ········· 93

Ⅳ. 준거(Criterion) ··················· 94
1. 준거이론(Criterion Theory) ··················· 94
2. 개념준거와 실제준거 ················· 94
3. 준거의 특성 ····················· 94
4. 직무수행에서의 준거 ················· 95
5. 예측변인(검사항목) ···················· 95
6. 준거점수(準據點數, cut-off score, cut score) ··········· 95

Ⅴ. 인사선발과 인사평가 ·················· 97
1. 인사선발 ······················ 97
(1) 합격자 및 불합격자 유형 ······················97
(2) 인사선발 과정의 목적 ···················97
(3) 인사선발도구의 효용성(효과성) ····················97
(4) 인사선발의 5요인(Big 5) 성격모델(Big Five personality traits) ········98
2. 인사평가(인사고과, 인사평정) ·················· 98
(1) 전통적 고과방법 ·····················98
(2) 현대적 고과방법 ·····················99
(3) 캐플란(R. Kaplan)과 노턴(D. Norton)의 균형성과표(BSC : Balanced Score Card) ···100
(4) 스미스(Smith, D. A.)와 켄달(Kendall, S.)의 행동기준고과법(행동기준평가법, BARS : Behaviorally
Anchored Rating Scale) ·····················100
(5) 행위빈도고과법(행위관찰고과법, BOS : Behavioral Observation Scale) ·········101
3. 인사평가의 오류 ···················· 102
4. 임금관리 ························ 103

Ⅵ. 직무태도 및 동기 ···················· 105
1. 직무태도 ························ 105
2. 오건(D. Organ)의 조직시민행동(OCB : Organizational Citizenship Behavior) 105
3. 학습이론 ························ 106
① 고전적 조건화(Classical Conditioning) ···············106
② 작동적 조건화(조작적 조건화. Operant Conditioning) ··············106
③ 인지적 학습(Cognition Learning) ··················107
④ 사회적 학습(Social Learning) ···················107
⑤ 조직적 학습(Organizational Learning) ··················107
⑥ 액션 러닝(Action Learning) ·····················107
4. 작업동기 이론(동기부여 이론, 직무동기 이론, Motivation Theory) ······ 107
(1) 허츠버그(F. Herzberg)의 2요인 이론(동기-위생 이론, two-factor theory) ·····108
(2) 매슬로우(A. Maslow)의 욕구 5단계이론(Maslow's hierarchy of needs) ·····108
(3) 알더퍼(C. Alderfer)의 ERG 이론(욕구 3단계이론) ···········108
(4) 맥그리거(D. McGregor)의 X, Y 이론 ···············109
(5) 브롬(V. Vroom)의 기대 이론(Expectancy Theory) : VIE이론 ············110
(6) 아담스(J. Adams)의 형평이론(공정성 이론)(Equity Theory) ··········111
(7) 로크(E. Locke)의 목표설정 이론(Goal-Setting Theory) ··········112
(8) 데시(디시, Edward Deci)와 라이언(리안, Richard Ryan)의 자기결정이론(SDT : self-determination theory) ···· 113
(9) 반두라(Albert Bandura) 등의 자기조절 이론(self-regulation theory) ······114
(10) 작업설계 이론(Work Design Theory) ················115
(11) 맥클랜드(D. McClelland)의 성취동기이론(Achievement Motivation Theory)/학습된 동기이론
(Learned Motivation Theory) ·················115
5. 경력개발(Career Development) ············· 116
6. 경력정체 및 경력경로 ················ 118
7. 직무만족(Job Satisfaction) ················· 120
8. 번아웃 증후군(Burnout Syndrome) ················ 122

Ⅶ. 작업집단(팀, Team)의 특성 ·················· 123
1. 집단(팀)의 유형 ······················ 123
2. 터크맨(B. Tuckman)의 팀 발달 5단계(팀생애주기) ··········· 123
3. 팀 프로세스(Team Process) 관련 모델 : 팀 효과성(집단효과성, Group Effectiveness) ·· 124
(1) 맥그래스(McGrath) 모델 ····················124
(2) 그래드스테인(Gladstein) 모델 ··················124
(3) 캠피온(Campion) 모델 ··················125
(4) 해크만(Hackman) 모델 ······················125
4. 마크(M. Marks)의 팀 과정(Team Process)의 3요인 모형 ······ 125
5. 팀워크(Teamwork)와 갈등(Conflict) ················ 126
6. 사회적 태만(Social Loafing) ··············· 127
7. 집단사고와 집단극화 : 집단지성(collective intelligence)의 부작용 ········ 128
8. 사회적 촉진(Social Facilitation Theory), 사회적 억제(Social Inhibition Theory) 이론 ·· 128

Ⅷ. 커뮤니케이션과 의사결정 ··················· 129
1. 커뮤니케이션 ······················ 129
2. 지식과 지식창조의 과정 ·················· 130
3. 합리적 의사결정 모형과 제한된 합리성 이론 ·············· 131
4. 집단의사결정기법 ···················· 132
(1) 델파이법(Delphi Technique, 조건부 반복 앙케트법) ···············132
(2) 브레인스토밍(Brain Storming) ···················132
(3) 명목집단법(NGT : Nominal Group Technique) ··············132
(4) 프리모텀(사전부검, 사전분석, Premortem) ·············132
(5) 지명반론자법(악마의 대변자, Devil's Advocate) ················132
(6) 시네틱스(Synectics) ······················132

Ⅸ. 산업재해와 행동 특성 ··················· 133
1. 산업재해이론 ······················ 133
2. 휴먼에러(human error) ················ 133
3. 반생산적 업무행동(CWB : Counter-productive Work Behavior) ······· 133
4. 스키너(B. F. Skinner)의 ABC행동이론 ·············· 135
5. 엘리스(A. Ellis)의 합리정서행동치료(REBT : Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy) ··· 136

Ⅹ. 인간의 특성과 직무환경 ···················· 137
1. 인간정보처리(Human Information Processing)이론 ·········· 137
2. 인간의 정보처리 방식 ·················· 140
3. 게슈탈트 지각 원리(Gestalt psychology), 형태주의(Gestalt approach) ·· 142
4. 신호검출이론(신호탐지이론, SDT : Signal Detection Theory) ········· 143
5. 착시현상 → 산업안전일반으로 이동 ··············· 143
6. 인간의 정보처리와 표시장치의 양립성(compatibility) → 산업안전일반으로 이동 · 143 ?. 직무환경과 건강 ······················ 144
1. 와르(Warr)의 정신 건강(심리적 건강) 5가지 구성요소 ········· 144
2. 직무스트레스(직업스트레스, Job stress, Occupational stress) ········ 144
3. 성격 유형과 직무스트레스 ··················· 145
4. 직업 스트레스 모델 ····················· 146
(1) 기본 직업스트레스 이론 ···················146
(2) 직무요구(Job Demands) 관련 이론 ·················146
(3) 비르(T. Beehr)와 프랜즈(T. Franz)의 4가지 모델 ···········147
(4) 셀리에(H. Selye)의 일반적 적응증후군 모델(GAS : General Adaptation Syndrome) ··147
(5) 비어와 뉴먼(T. Beehr & J. Newman) 모델 ·············148
5. 여키스-도슨의 법칙(Yerkes-Dodson Law) ·········· 149
cf. 하시모토 쿠니에의 의식수준 5단계(Phase) ···············149
6. 스트레스 대처방법(Stress Coping) ··············· 150 ?. 인간의 특성과 인간관계 ···················· 151
1. 일(직장)과 가정 ······················ 151
2. 토마스와 킬만의 조직 갈등관리 5유형(Thomas & Kilmann, Conflict Management) ···· 152
3. 기타 이론 ······················ 153
(1) 과학자-실무자 모델(과학자-전문가 모델, Scientist-Practitioner model), 볼더모델(Boulder Model) :
임상심리학자의 역할 ·····················153
(2) 유인-선발-이탈 모델(Attraction-Selection-Attrition Theory) ········153


chap.3 산업위생개론 155
Ⅰ. 산업위생의 개념 ······················ 157
1. 산업위생의 정의 ······················ 157
(1) 미국산업위생전문가협회(ACGIH)의 산업위생 정의 ················157
(2) 국제노동기구(ILO)와 세계보건기구(WHO) 공동위원회의 산업위생 정의 ··········157
2. 산업위생의 활동·범위 : 미국산업위생전문가협회(ACGIH) ·········· 157
3. 산업위생의 목적 ······················ 158
4. 산업위생전문가(Industrial Hygienist)의 주요 활동 ········ 158
5. 우리나라 산업보건 역사 ··················· 159
6. 외국의 산업보건 역사와 시대별 주요 인물 ············ 160
7. 산업위생전문가의 윤리강령(AAIH : 미국산업위생학술원) ·········· 162

Ⅱ. 작업환경노출기준 개념 ················· 163
1. 위험물 ······················· 163
2. 「화학물질 및 물리적 인자의 노출기준」(occupational exposure limits) ···· 163
3. 허용기준(노출기준, 허용농도, TLV : Threshold Limit Value) 적용상 주의사항 ·· 168
4. 발암물질의 분류 ······················ 168
(1) 국제암연구소(IARC : International Agency for Research on Cancer)의 구분 ········168
(2) 미국산업위생전문가협회(ACGIH : American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists)의 구분·· 168
(3) 한국의 발암성 정보물질의 표기(고용노동부 고시 : 「화학물질 및 물리적 인자의 노출기준」) ··169
5. Theodore Hatch(1972)의 노출량(용량)과 반응관계(Dose-Response Relationship) ·· 170
6. 『화학물질 위험성평가 기법』 CHARM(Chemical Hazard Risk Management) ·· 171
7. 유해성·위험성평가(이하, 「화학물질의 유해성·위험성평가에 관한 규정」 참조) ···· 172
8. 세계적 노출기준 제정기관과 노출기준 ················ 173
(1) 미국산업위생전문가협회 (ACGIH : American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists) ·· 173
(2) 미국산업안전보건청 (OSHA : Occupational Safety and Health Administration) ···173
(3) 미국국립산업안전보건연구원 (NIOSH : National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) ····173
(4) 미국산업위생학회 (AIHA : American Industrial Hygiene Association) ·········173
(5) 기타 국가의 노출기준 ······················173
9. 생물학적 노출지표검사 ················ 174

Ⅲ. 작업환경 측정 및 평가 ···················· 175
1. 작업환경측정 ······················ 175
2. 작업환경측정 방법(「산업안전보건법 시행규칙」 제189조제1항각호) ········ 175
3. 작업환경측정 대상 유해인자 : 【 작업환경측정 대상 유해인자(192종) 】 시행규칙 [별표 21] 요약··· 175
4. 시료채취 방법(Sampling) ················ 176
5. 표준기구 ······················ 177
6. 유해인자와 시료채취 매체 ··················· 178
(1) 활성탄관(Charcoal tube) ···················178
(2) 실리카겔관(Sillca gel tube) ····················178
(3) MCE 막 여과지(셀룰로오스 여과지 : Mixed Cellulode Ester membrane filter) Surface Sampling ·····178
(4) PVC막 여과지 (Polyvinyl chloride membrane filter) ··········178
(5) PTFE막 여과지 (테프론, Poly tetrafluoroethylene membrane filter) ··········178
(6) 은막 여과지 (silver membrane filter) ·················178
(7) 「작업환경 측정분석에 대한일반 기술지침」 (KOSHA GUIDE A- 180 - 2020) ·······179
7. 중금속의 정량법 ······················ 180
8. 크로마토그래피(Chromatography) ··············· 180
9. 온열환경 측정 ···················· 181
10 작업환경측정결과의 통계 ················· 182
(1) 대수정규분포(로그정규분포, Lognormal Distribution, Logarithmic normal probability distribution) ·· 182
(2) 기하평균과 기하표준편차 ······················183
11. 「작업환경측정 및 정도관리 등에 관한 고시」·············· 184

Ⅳ. 산업환기 ························ 190
1. 국소배기장치(Local exhaust ventilation) ············· 190
2. 후드 ····················· 191
3. 덕트 ························ 194
4. 공기정화장치 ······················ 195
5. 송풍기(배풍기) ··················· 196
6. 보충용 공기의 공급 ····················· 196
7. 배기구 설치와 재유입 방지 ··················· 197
8. 속도압(동압)과 정압의 측정 ·················· 197
9. 전체환기장치 ······················ 198
10. 베르누이 방정식(Bernoulli's Equation) ··············· 199
11. 마찰손실(friction loss) ·················· 200
(1) 레이놀드 수(Reynold number) ··················200
(2) 관의 마찰손실과 레이놀드 수의 관계 ···············201
12. 나노먼지, 나노미세먼지 ·················· 202
13. 방진 마스크 ····················· 202
14. 방독 마스크 ····················· 203
15. HVACs(Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning system) ········ 204

Ⅴ. 건강검진과 근로자건강관리 ················ 205
Ⅵ. 유해인자의 인체영향 ····················· 213
1. 레이노 증후군(레노현상, 백색수지증, Raynaud's syndrome) ····· 213
2. 적외선(Infrared ray) ·················· 213
3. 자외선(Ultraviolet ray) ················· 213
4. 방사선(radiation), 전리방사선(ionized radiation) ············ 213
5. 비전리방사선(non-ionizing radiation) ············· 213
6. VDT(Visual Display Terminal) 증후군 ············ 214
7. 수근관증후군(손목터널증후군, carpal tunnel syndrome) ········ 214
8. 눈부심의 조건 ···················· 214
9. 크롬(chromium) ···················· 214
10. 석면(Asbestos) ···················· 214
11. 수은(mercury) ····················· 214
12. 유리규산(이산화규소, SiO2, Free silica) ·············· 215
13. 허용기준 설정물질의 유해성 ·················· 215
(1) 감압환경(잠함, 기압) : 잠함병, 관절통증 ··············215
14. 메탄올(methanol) ·················· 216
15. 포름알데히드(폼알데히드, 메탄알, formaldehyde, methanal) ······· 216
16. 납 ······················ 216
17. 카드뮴(cadmium) ··················· 217
18. 아세톤(acetone) ····················· 217
19. 라돈 ························ 217
20. 노말헥산 ······················ 218
21. 디메틸포름아미드(DMF) ················ 218
22. 이황화탄소 ······················· 218
23. 벤젠 ························ 218
24. 감염성 질환(infectious disease, communicable disease)과 병원체(pathogen) 218
25. 유기용제(有機溶劑, organic solvent) ·············· 220
26. 교대근무(Shift Work) ··················· 220


chap.4 단원별 기출문제(2013~2026년) 1
1. 경영학(인적자원관리, 조직관리, 생산관리) ············ 3
Ⅰ. 인적자원관리의 개념 및 관리방안에 관한 사항 ··········· 3
Ⅱ. 노사관계관리에 관한 사항 ·············· 3
Ⅲ. 조직관리의 개념에 관한 사항 ··················· 7
Ⅳ. 조직행동론에 관한 사항 ················ 15
Ⅴ. 생산관리 및 제품생애주기 ················· 18
Ⅵ. 생산시스템 및 관련 이론 ··················· 18
Ⅶ. 수요예측 및 기법 ····················· 22
Ⅷ. 생산운영 공정과 설비배치 ················· 26
Ⅸ. 재고관리 ···················· 29
Ⅹ. 품질관리 ···················· 34 ?. 생산관리 최신이론에 관한 사항 ·················· 39

2. 산업심리학 ······················ 40
Ⅰ. 산업심리 개념 및 요소 ···················· 40
Ⅱ. 직무수행과 평가 ·················· 41
Ⅲ. 심리평가의 신뢰도와 타당도 ··················· 47
Ⅳ. 준거(Criterion) ··················· 50
Ⅴ. 인사선발과 인사평가 ····················· 50
Ⅵ. 직무태도 및 동기 ····················· 59
Ⅶ. 작업집단의 특성 ·················· 69
Ⅷ. 커뮤니케이션과 의사결정 ··················· 75
Ⅸ. 산업재해와 행동 특성 ··················· 76
Ⅹ. 인간의 특성과 직무환경 ················ 78 ?. 직무환경과 건강 ·················· 82
?. 인간의 특성과 인간관계 ···················· 89

3. 산업위생개론 ····················· 90
Ⅰ. 산업위생의 개념 ·················· 90
Ⅱ. 작업환경노출기준 개념 ················· 96
Ⅲ. 작업환경 측정 및 평가 ·················· 104
Ⅳ. 산업환기 ······················· 110
Ⅴ. 건강검진과 근로자건강관리 ·················· 116
Ⅵ. 유해인자의 인체영향 ··················· 118