2027 퍼시픽 간호사 국시대비 개념서 4: 아동간호학

01 성장발달 _15
1.1 아동간호학의 정의 및 목적 ················ 17
1. 개념 _17
2. 목적 _17
3. 아동간호의 사회적 경향 _17
4. 아동간호사의 역할 _18
5. 아동학대 _19
6. 아동간호의 역사 _21
7. 아동의 임종간호 _21

1.2 성장발달의 이해 ······························· 22
1. 개념 _22
2. 성장발달 원리 _22
3. 기질 _25
4. 성장발달 단계 분류 _26
5. 아동의 건강 사정 _27
6. 아동발달과 놀이 _38
7. 투약 관리 _38
8. 발달단계별 성교육 _41

1.3 단계별 성장발달 ······························· 41
1. 영아기 _41
2. 유아기 _56
3. 학령전기 _68
4. 학령기 _73
5. 청소년기 _78

02 신생아 _89
2.1 신생아의 생리적 특징 ························ 91
1. 체온 조절 _91
2. 혈액계 _92
3. 순환계 _93
4. 호흡기계 _94
5. 위장관계 _95
6. 감각계 _96
7. 비뇨기계 _97
8. 면역계 _98

2.2 정상 신생아 사정 ····························· 98
1. APGAR score _98
2. 자세 _99
3. 피부 _99
4. 활력징후 _101
5. 신체 계측 _102
6. 구체적 신체 사정 _103

2.3 정상 신생아 간호중재 ······················ 111
1. 개방된 기도유지 _111
2. 체온 유지 _111
3. 눈 간호 _112
4. 제대 간호 _112
5. Vit.K 주사 _112
6. 목욕 _112
7. 기저귀 발진 _113
8. B형 간염 예방접종 _113

2.4 모유수유 ········································ 114
1. 시행 시기 _114
2. 모유수유의 장점 _115
3. 신생아 수유 주의사항 _115
4. 모유 보관 방법 _116
5. 모유수유 금기 _116

03 고위험 신생아 _123
3.1 고위험 신생아의 분류 ······················ 125
1. 체중에 따른 분류 _125
2. 재태기간에 따른 분류 _125

3.2 재태연령에 따른 특성 ······················ 126
1. 미숙아 _126
2. 과숙아 _129

3.3 소화기관 장애 ································ 130
1. 구순열/구개열 _130
2. 기관식도루/식도폐색증 _133
3. 항문직장기형 _135
4. 생리적 황달 _136
5. 병리적 황달 _136

3.4 혈액 장애 ······································ 138
1. 신생아 용혈성 질환 _138

3.5 호흡기 장애 ··································· 140
1. 무호흡 _140
2. 호흡곤란증후군 _140
3. 호흡기 합병증 _142

3.6 심혈관 장애 ··································· 144
1. 선천성 심질환 _144
2. 비청색증형 선천성 심질환 _145
3. 청색증형 선천성 심질환 _152

3.7 비뇨생식기 장애 ····························· 157
1. 잠복고환 _157
2. 음낭수종 _158
3. 요도하열 _159

3.8 신경 장애 ······································ 159
1. 이분척추 _159

3.9 출생 시 손상 ································· 164
1. 두개외 출혈 _164
2. 상지마비 _164
3. 쇄골 골절 _165
4. 안면신경 마비 _166
5. 사경 _166

3.10 근골격 장애 ································· 167
1. 만곡족 _167
2. 발달성 고관절 이형성증 _169

3.11 감염 ············································ 172
1. 신생아 패혈증 _172
2. 괴사성 장염 _173
3. 칸디다 _175

3.12 모체 요인과 관련한 고위험 ············ 176
1. 당뇨병 어머니의 신생아 _176
2. 약물에 노출된 신생아 _177
3. 태아 알코올 증후군 _178

3.13 선천성 대사 장애 ·························· 179
1. 선천성 대사 장애 _179
2. 선천성 갑상선 기능 저하증 _179
3. 페닐케톤뇨증 _180
4. 갈락토오스혈증 _181

3.14 유전성 질환 ································· 183
1. 다운증후군 _183
2. 18번 삼염색체증 _185
3. 터너 증후군 _185

04 소화기관 장애 _195
4.1 수분 전해질 불균형 ························ 197
1. 영아의 수분 균형이 깨지기 쉬운 이유 _197
2. 아동의 체액 분포 _197
3. 체중에 따른 수분 요구량 _197
4. 탈수 _197
5. 수분과다 _199

4.2 소화기관 장애 증상 ························ 200
1. 구토 _200
2. 설사 _201
3. 산통 _202
4. 반추 _203

4.3 폐쇄성 장애 ··································· 204
1. 선천성 유문 협착 _204
2. 장중첩증 _206
3. 담도 폐쇄 _207
4. 장폐색 _208

4.4 구조적 장애 ··································· 209
1. 위식도 역류 _209
2. 횡격막 탈장 _210
3. 서혜부 탈장 _211
4. 선천거대결장 _212

4.5 염증성 장애 ··································· 213
1. 급성 충수돌기염 _213
2. 궤양성 대장염 _215

4.6 흡수 ㆍ 영양 장애 ···························· 216
1. 흡수 장애 증후군 _216
2. 콰시오커 _217
3. 소모증 _217
4. 비타민 결핍 _218
5. 요오드 결핍 _218
6. 성장장애 _219
7. 영아 비만 _219

4.7 치아 건강 ······································ 220
1. 치아 우식증 _220
2. 부정교합 _220

4.8 중독 ·············································· 221
1. 중독 간호중재 _221
2. 납중독 _221
3. 아스피린 중독 _222
4. 부식성 물질 중독 _222

4.9 기생충 감염 ··································· 223
1. 요충증 _223

05 비뇨생식기 장애 _229
5.1 요로감염 ········································ 231
1. 정의 _231
2. 특징 _231
3. 원인 _231
4. 증상 _232
5. 진단 _232
6. 치료 _232
7. 간호중재 _232

5.2 구조적 장애 ··································· 233
1. 폐쇄성 요로 질환 _233
2. 방광요관역류 _233

5.3 급성 사구체신염 ····························· 235
1. 특징 _235
2. 원인 _236
3. 증상 _236
4. 진단 _236
5. 치료 _237
6. 간호중재 _237

5.4 신증후군 ········································ 237
1. 특징 _237
2. 원인 _238
3. 병태생리 _238
4. 증상 _238
5. 진단 _239
6. 치료 _239
7. 간호중재 _239

5.5 급성 신부전 ··································· 240
1. 특징 _240
2. 원인 _240
3. 병태생리 _240
4. 증상 _241
5. 치료 _241
6. 간호중재 _241

5.6 생식기 기능 장애 ···························· 241
1. 외음질염 _241
2. 여성형 유방 _242

06 호흡기 장애 _245
6.1 상기도 감염 ··································· 247
1. 영유아 호흡기 특성 _247
2. 급성 비인두염 _247
3. 급성 인두염 _248
4. 편도선염 _250
5. 중이염 _253
6. 부비동염 _255

6.2 하부기도 감염 ································ 257
1. 기관지염 _257
2. 세기관지염 _257
3. 폐렴 _258

6.3 크룹증후군 ····································· 260
1. 크룹증후군의 비교 _260
2. 급성 후두개염 _261
3. 급성 후두 기관 기관지염 _262

6.4 비감염성 물질에 의한 장애 ·············· 263
1. 이물질 흡인 _263
2. 흡인성 폐렴 _264
3. 지질성 폐렴 _264

6.5 만성 및 기타 장애 ·························· 265
1. 천식 _265
2. 결핵 _269
3. 비출혈 _273

6.6 원인불명의 장애 ····························· 273
1. 영아 돌연사 증후군 _273
2. 영아 무호흡증 _274

07 심혈관 장애 _279
7.1 후천성 심장 장애 ···························· 281
1. 감염성 심내막염 _281
2. 급성 류마티스열 _283

7.2 혈관 기능 장애 ······························ 286
1. 알레르기 자반증, 헤노흐 쇤라인 자반증 _286
2. 가와사키병 _287

7.3 심폐소생술 ····································· 290
1. 심폐소생술 _290

08 혈액 및 세포 장애 _295
8.1 빈혈 ·············································· 297
1. 빈혈 _297
2. 철분 결핍성 빈혈 _298
3. 겸상 적혈구 혈색소 병, 낫 적혈구병 _299

8.2 응고장애 ········································ 301
1. 파종성 혈관 내 응고증 _301
2. 혈우병 _302
3. 면역성 혈소판 감소성 자반증 _304

8.3 세포장애 ········································ 306

1. 백혈병 _306
2. 뇌종양 _310
3. 신경모세포종 _313
4. 신아세포종 _315
5. 골육종 _316
6. 횡문근육종 _317

09 내분비 장애 _323

9.1 췌장 장애 ······································ 325
1. 당뇨병 _325

9.2 뇌하수체 전엽장애 ··························· 331
1. 성조숙증 _331

9.3 뇌하수체 후엽장애 ·························· 331
1. 요붕증 _331
2. 항이뇨호르몬 부적절분비증후군 _333

10 보호기전 장애 _337
10.1 자가면역 염증성 질환 ···················· 339
1. 소아 류마티스성 관절염 _339
2. 전신성 홍반성 낭창 _340

10.2 알레르기 질환································ 342
1. 아토피성 피부염 _342
2. 알레르기성 비염 _344

10.3 피부 장애 ···································· 344
1. 세균감염 _344
2. 접촉성 피부염 _345
3. 여드름 _345
4. 기타 피부 병변 _346

10.4 감염성 장애 ·································· 347
1. 수두 _347
2. 디프테리아 _350
3. 홍역 _351
4. 볼거리 _353
5. 풍진 _355
6. 백일해 _356
7. 성홍열 _358
8. 폴리오, 회백수염 _360
9. 수족구 _362
10. 파상풍 _363
11. 뇌염 _365
12. A형 간염 _366
13. 구내염 _367
14. 결막염 _368
15. 장미진 _369

11 신경 ㆍ 인지 장애 _375
11.1 열성경련 ······································ 377
1. 병태생리 _377
2. 특징 _377
3. 증상 _377
4. 치료 및 간호 _377

11.2 발작 ············································ 378
1. 원인 _378
2. 병태생리 _378
3. 부분 발작 _378
4. 전신 발작 _379
5. 진단 _379
6. 치료 _379
7. 간호중재 _380
8. 발작 장애 아동의 안전 전략 _380

11.3 뇌수종(수두증) ······························ 381
1. 정의 및 특성 _381
2. 증상 _381
3. 치료 _382
4. 수술 전 간호 _382
5. 수술 후 간호 _382

11.4 감염 ············································ 383
1. 수막염 _383
2. 라이증후군 _385
3. 길랑-바레 증후군 _386

11.5 뇌성마비 ······································ 388
1. 뇌성마비 _388

11.6 인지장애(지적장애) ························ 390
1. 인지장애, 지적장애 _390

12 감각운동기능 장애 _395
12.1 감각장애 ······································ 397
1. 청각장애 _397
2. 시각장애 _399

12.2 골절 ············································ 400
1. 아동의 골절 특성 _400
2. 치료 _402

12.3 선천성 및 감염성 장애 ·················· 405
1. 가성비대형 근이영양증 _405
2. 골수염 _405

12.4 성장관련 장애 ······························ 406
1. 레그병 _406
2. 척추후만증 _408
3. 척추전만증 _408
4. 척추측만증 _409

13 심리사회 장애 _415
13.1 정신건강 장애 ······························ 417
1. 학습 장애 _417
2. 주의력 결핍-과잉행동 장애 _417
3. 습관성 장애 _418
4. 품행 장애 _420
5. 학교 공포증 _421
6. 전환 장애 _421
7. 우울증 _421
8. 배설장애 _422
9. 약물 남용 _423

13.2 식이 장애 ···································· 425
1. 신경성 식욕부진 _425
2. 신경성 폭식증 _426
3. 비만 _427

13.3 청소년 비행 ·································· 428
1. 원인 _428
2. 특징 _428
3. 간호중재 _428

? INDEX ··········································· 433

퍼시픽 학술편찬국